Subfertility, a condition marked by a reduced capacity to conceive naturally, affects a significant proportion of couples globally. Nutrition is a fundamental aspect of reproductive health, with various nutrients essential in maintaining optimal reproductive function. This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between nutritional deficiencies and subfertility. It examines key micronutrients such as vitamins D, E, C, and B12, as well as minerals such as zinc, iron, selenium, and magnesium, and their impacts on fertility. The review also considers macronutrients and the importance of a balanced diet in supporting reproductive health. Drawing on an extensive body of clinical evidence and studies, this review highlights how deficiencies in these nutrients can lead to hormonal imbalances, impaired gametogenesis, and suboptimal pregnancy outcomes. It discusses the efficacy of nutritional interventions, including dietary supplements and lifestyle modifications, in improving fertility. Furthermore, it addresses the emerging research on personalized nutrition and its potential to enhance reproductive outcomes. The review underscores the necessity for healthcare providers to assess and address the nutritional status of patients with subfertility. It provides practical recommendations for developing nutritional plans, counseling patients, and integrating nutritional interventions into fertility treatments. By offering a comprehensive synthesis of current evidence, this review aims to inform clinical practice and promote further research into the role of nutrition in enhancing fertility.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review examined literature on mental health outcomes among women with disabilities living in high-income countries within the context of reproductive health, spanning menstruation through menopause.
METHODS: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases for studies published through June 2023. Eligible studies were observational, quantitative, and included a comparison group without disabilities.
RESULTS: A total of 2,520 studies were evaluated and 27 studies met inclusion criteria. These studies assessed mental health during prepregnancy, pregnancy, postpartum, and parenting among women with and without disabilities. None of the studies examined reproductive health time periods related to menstruation, fertility, or menopause. Women of reproductive age with disabilities were more likely to have poor mental health outcomes compared to women without disabilities. During pregnancy and the postpartum, women with disabilities were at greater risk of diagnosed perinatal mental disorders and psychiatric-related healthcare visits. Findings also suggested mental distress and inadequate emotional and social support related to parenting among women with disabilities. The greatest risks of poor mental health outcomes were often observed among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities and among women with multiple types of disabilities, compared to women without disabilities.
CONCLUSIONS: Routine reproductive healthcare visits provide significant prevention and treatment opportunities for poor mental health among women with disabilities. Further research examining mental health outcomes within the context of reproductive health, especially understudied areas of menstruation, fertility, parenting, and menopause, among women with disabilities is needed.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a brief summary of the high incidence, symptomatology, different types, and diagnosis of adenomyosis and to explore various aspects of the disease, with the primary aim of raising awareness among gynecologists for appropriate and early detection.
BACKGROUND: Adenomyosis, a benign gynecological condition characterized by the infiltration of endometrial tissue into the myometrium, poses significant challenges to women\'s reproductive health.
METHODS: A narrative review was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases and offering a non-systematic summary and critical analysis of current knowledge on the impact of adenomyosis on women\'s health. Articles published in the English language up to May 2023, including original scientific papers, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and reviews focusing on various aspects of adenomyosis, were included in the synthesis of this review.
CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 20% of women are affected by adenomyosis, which manifests with various subtypes, distinct epidemiological profiles, symptomatology, and treatment responses. Despite its clinical significance, adenomyosis remains understudied, resulting in a significant disparity in research and the literature compared to other gynecological conditions. The severity of adenomyosis is compounded when coexisting with endometriosis, particularly deep-infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), leading to exacerbated fertility issues and severe symptomatology. The wide range of symptoms, including adverse pregnancy outcomes such as pre-eclampsia, highlights its wider impact and emphasizes the need for increased awareness of the condition. Adenomyosis is frequently associated with treatment failure in endometriosis, contributing to dienogest resistance, elevated discontinuation rates, and persistent pain post-endometriosis surgery. Additionally, the lack of specific treatments tailored to adenomyosis poses a considerable challenge in clinical management.

Ruminants are one of the world\'s economically important species, and their reproductive health is critical to the economic development of the livestock industry. In recent years, research on the relationship between microbiota and reproductive health has received much attention. Microbiota disruption affects the developmental health of the testes and epididymis, the male reproductive organs of the host, which in turn is related to sperm quality. Maintaining a stable microbiota protects the host from pathogens and increases breeding performance, which in turn promotes the economic development of animal husbandry. In addition, the effects and mechanisms of microbiota on reproduction were further explored. These findings support new approaches to improving and managing reproductive health in ruminants through the microbiota and facilitate further systematic exploration of microbiota-mediated reproductive impacts.

BACKGROUND: An essential aspect of human well-being is positive sexual health outcomes. However, the issue of adverse sexual health outcomes continues to be a major public health concern, particularly for women with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Therefore, this current scoping review mapped studies conducted in the last twenty-nine years on the sexual health of women with disabilities from these five dimensions: sexual activity, contraceptive use, sexual autonomy, sexual violence and risky sexual behaviour, whilst seeking to identify the current state of knowledge and address the study gaps in SSA.
METHODS: This current scoping review was informed by the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O\'Malley. Exploratory searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, African Journals Online, etc., to identify studies conducted in SSA that focus on sexual activity, contraceptive use, sexual autonomy, sexual violence and risky sexual behaviour among women with disabilities in SSA since the inception of the International Conference on Population and Development in 1994 to 30th of March 2024. This process resulted in the inclusion of seventeen (17) studies.
RESULTS: Of the 1362 identified through various databases, 34 studies were included for the full-text retrieval and screening; only 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The eligible studies were conducted across six countries in SSA and published between 2008 and 2023. Eight studies used quantitative study type, six utilised qualitative approach, and three employed mixed-methods analysis. Two studies were conducted on sexual activity, ten were conducted on contraceptive use, four were conducted on sexual violence, and one study was conducted on risky sexual behaviour, whilst no study on sexual autonomy met the inclusion criteria.
CONCLUSIONS: This review showed that there were few or scarce studies on sexual activity, contraceptive use, sexual autonomy, sexual violence and risky sexual behaviour among women with disabilities in SSA and even where the studies were substantial (contraceptive use), the majority of the studies were conducted in a country. Future studies should consider examining dimensions of sexual health, such as sexual autonomy, sexual activity and risky sexual behaviour of women with disabilities that were not available or were scarce in the literature.
Sexual health is really important for people\'s overall well-being, and it includes aspects like how we feel socially, mentally, emotionally, and physically. In sub-Saharan Africa, especially for women with disabilities, sexual health is a big concern. So, this review looked at studies done over the last 29 years about the sexual health of women with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa. It focused on five areas: sexual activity, contraceptive use, sexual autonomy, sexual violence, and risky sexual behaviour. Databases were searched for relevant studies and found 17 that fit the set criteria. These studies were from six countries in sub-Saharan Africa and were published between 2008 and 2023. Most of the studies were about contraceptive use, with fewer focusing on sexual activity, sexual violence, and risky behaviour. There weren\'t any eligible studies on sexual autonomy. The review concluded that there\'s not enough research on these sexual health dimensions among women with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa, especially on sexual autonomy, and future studies should explore this further.

OBJECTIVE: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) knowledge influences health literacy and promotes positive health behaviours. This scoping review explores the SRH knowledge of women in Australia and reports on knowledge assessment, ways of learning, enablers and barriers, and interventions to improve knowledge.
METHODS: Seven databases were searched for eligible articles published in English between 2012 and 2022.
RESULTS: Eighty-five sources were included for analysis. Data were mapped by knowledge topic and population group and charted against four review objectives. Assessment of knowledge was the primary focus in 59% of sources. Two sources used a validated knowledge assessment tool. Knowledge was assessed using self-assessment, a measurement of correctness, or both. Women learnt about SRH through a range of sources, including healthcare providers, peers, family, internet, and school. Enablers and barriers spanned information content, delivery, timing, accessibility, interactions with those providing information, cultural and gendered norms, pre-migration experiences, and functional health literacy. Nine sources reported on interventions to facilitate SRH knowledge.
CONCLUSIONS: This review identified topics, population groups, and gaps in assessment of SRH knowledge of women in Australia. Overall, the measurement of women\'s SRH knowledge is largely conducted using unvalidated tools focusing on specific topics. SO WHAT?: It is recommended a validated tool be developed to comprehensively assess the SRH knowledge of women in Australia allowing for intersectional population analysis and exploration of knowledge conceptualisation. This would enable assessment of interventions aiming to improve SRH knowledge thereby facilitating improved health literacy and outcomes.

The objective of the current study is to conduct a meta-analysis of the existing literature concerning the potential impact of khat on the reproductive systems. Five international databases, Embase, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge (ISI), and ProQuest, were searched from inception up to the end of January 2024. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist was used for quality assessment of included studies. After several screening phases,10 articles were included in the final analysis. The pooled meta-analysis showed that women who use khat during pregnancy had a significantly higher chance of having low birth weight (LBW) (OR= 2.51, 95% CI: 1.61-3.95, p-value < 0.001) and congenital anomalies (OR= 3.17, 95% CI: 1.31-7.73, p-value = 0.011) compared to nonusers. The obtained results of the meta-analysis showed that the consumption of khat significantly reduces semen volume (standardized mean difference = -0.903, 95% CI: -1.801 to -0.007, p = 0.048). In conclusion, our study show that significant associations with LBW, congenital anomalies, and reduced semen volume underscores the necessity for additional research to delve deeper into the intricate complexities of how khat affects reproductive health in both women and men.

BACKGROUND: The beginning of the conflict in Ukraine has reminded Europeans of the many and diverse consequences of armed conflicts. Indeed, the ever more sophisticated conflicts have led to the diffusion of numerous chemicals whose consequences spread even after the end of the war. We present through this paper a review of the consequences of pregnancies from the major conflicts that took place since the end of World War II.
CONCLUSIONS: MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase were screened for articles linking perinatal death (PD) or birth defects (BD) to wartime. A total of 50 papers treating 8 countries and 4 major and medically documented conflicts were included in the final analysis. An increase in BD and PD during and after the end of the conflicts was reported through all the conflicts analyzed.
CONCLUSIONS: While more data are needed to conclude, maternal-fetal medicine specialists ought to be wary when dealing with exposed populations.

UNASSIGNED: To examine patient education, counselling practices, decision aids, and education resources related to fertility preservation for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth and young adults.
UNASSIGNED: A scoping review was conducted using a comprehensive literature search (Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed Medline, OVID Embase, Ovid PsychoINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) conducted from 1806 to October 21, 2022. Inclusion criteria involved abstracts and articles on patient education, counselling, decision aids or education resources regarding fertility preservation for TGD youth and adults.
UNASSIGNED: Of 1,228 identified articles and abstracts, only six articles met inclusion criteria. Three key themes were identified: (1) patient education and counselling practices (n = 4), with majority of patients receiving fertility preservation counselling at their respective centres; (2) decision aids and strategies for clinicians on fertility preservation for TGD individuals (n = 2) and; (3) patient education resources (n = 1). There was a paucity of literature on decision aids and patient education resources.
UNASSIGNED: This study highlights the need to further develop and evaluate decision aids for healthcare providers and patient education resources, including eLearning modules, around fertility preservation for TGD individuals.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound effect on the health sector globally and in South Africa (SA).
OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of COVID-19 on maternal, perinatal and reproductive health outcomes and service utilisation in SA.
METHODS: Three routine national data collection systems were sourced: the District Health Information System, the Saving Mothers reports of the National Committee on Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths and the Saving Babies reports from the National Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality Committee using data from the Perinatal Problem Identification Program.
RESULTS: There were 35% and 8% increases in maternal and stillbirth mortality rates, respectively, in 2020 and 2021, which correlated with the COVID-19 waves. However, in 2022, rates returned to pre-COVID levels. Antenatal visits and facility births showed little change, but there was a shift to more rural provinces. The use of oral and injectable contraceptives and termination of pregnancy services decreased markedly in 2020 and 2021, with a sustained shift to long-acting reversible contraceptives. The increase in maternal deaths was predominantly due to COVID-19 respiratory complications, but also an increase in obstetric haemorrhage. Stillbirths increased significantly (10%) for birthweights between 2 000 g and 2 499 g, categorised mostly as unexplained stillbirths or preterm labour, but no increase in neonatal deaths was observed. Administrative avoidable factors increased by 24% in the 2020 - 2022 triennium, but there was no increase in patient/community level or healthcare provider-related avoidable factors during the pandemic years.
CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 caused a marked increase in maternal death and stillbirth rates in 2020 and 2021 due to both direct effects of the virus and indirect effects on functioning of the health system. The continued, although modified, health-seeking behaviour of women and the rapid return to pre-COVID-19 mortality rates demonstrates enormous resilience in women and the health system.