Abstinence from sexual practice among youth not only prevents infections, HIV and AIDS, and unplanned pregnancies but also promotes healthy sexual practices and positive youth development. The study aims to explore and describe interventions to improve healthy sexual practices among youth in Vhembe district, Limpopo province. The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design with a sample size of 531 determined by the selected formular through probability, simple random technique. Using structured questionnaires for data collection from the participants. Validity was ensured and content and face validity. Reliability was ensured. Data was analysed using SPSS version 28.0. Ethical consideration was ensured during the study. The study results showed that 57.4% of the respondents indicated that they do not discuss their choice of contraceptive with their sexual partner, 80.6% of the respondents indicated that unplanned pregnancy can be prevented by supplying contraceptives programs at clinics and school while 83.2% of the respondents revealed that programs linked with contraceptive services can help prevent unplanned pregnancy. The study highlights the lack of contraceptive choice discussions among sexual partners, exposing them to risks of STIs, HIV and AIDS, and teen pregnancy, urging for improved healthcare access.
L\'abstinence sexuelle chez les jeunes prévient non seulement les infections, le VIH et le SIDA et les grossesses non planifiées, mais favorise également des pratiques sexuelles saines et un développement positif des jeunes. L\'étude vise à explorer et à décrire les interventions visant à améliorer les pratiques sexuelles saines chez les jeunes du district de Vhembe, province du Limpopo. L\'étude a utilisé une conception transversale descriptive avec une taille d\'échantillon de 531 personnes déterminée par le formulaire sélectionné par le biais d\'une technique aléatoire simple et probabiliste. Utilisation de questionnaires structurés pour la collecte de données auprès des participants. La validité a été assurée ainsi que la validité du contenu et de l\'apparence. La fiabilité était assurée. Les données ont été analysées à l\'aide de SPSS version 28.0. Une considération éthique a été assurée au cours de l’étude. Les résultats de l\'étude ont montré que 57,4 % des personnes interrogées ont indiqué qu\'elles ne discutaient pas de leur choix de contraceptif avec leur partenaire sexuel, 80,6 % des personnes interrogées ont indiqué que les grossesses non planifiées peuvent être évitées en proposant des programmes de contraception dans les cliniques et les écoles, tandis que 83,2 % des personnes interrogées ont indiqué qu\'elles ne discutaient pas de leur choix de contraceptif avec leur partenaire sexuel. les personnes interrogées ont révélé que les programmes liés aux services de contraception peuvent aider à prévenir les grossesses non planifiées. L\'étude souligne le manque de discussions sur le choix de la contraception entre les partenaires sexuels, les exposant aux risques d\'IST, de VIH et de SIDA et de grossesse chez les adolescentes, et appelle à un meilleur accès aux soins de santé.

UNASSIGNED: Domestic violence is an important health, which has serious impacts on women\'s health. The study aimed to discover the protective and risk factors of domestic violence among pregnant adolescents.
UNASSIGNED: In the analytical cross-sectional study, 255 eligible pregnant women aged 14-20 years who have been referred to Al-Zahra Hospital, in northern Iran between September 2020 and March 2022 participated. Demographical characteristics were recorded by a questionnaire. Domestic violence was assessed using the instrument of violence against women. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the basic features of the data.
UNASSIGNED: The frequency of physical, emotional, and sexual violence was respectively 13.33%, 23.52%, and 9.01%. The risk factors included the spouse\'s substance use (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.25-4.62), spouse\'s low education (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.12-3.52), spouse\'s unemployment (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.57) and domestic violence exposure in childhood (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.46-2.51). Higher education for women was a protective factor for domestic violence (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.45-0.83).
UNASSIGNED: The education level is a protective factor against domestic violence among pregnant adolescents. These results can help to design the most appropriate prevention programs to reduce the risk factors for violence among pregnant adolescents.

UNASSIGNED: Teenage pregnancy (pregnancy among girls aged 13-19 years) is prevalent in Uganda but data about the associated factors are limited.
UNASSIGNED: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Buliisa district, western Uganda. We hypothesized that fertility awareness is associated with reduced likelihood of teenage pregnancy.
UNASSIGNED: In this cross-sectional study, we included girls aged 15-19 years and collected data using a structured questionnaire. The modified Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the association between fertility awareness and teenage pregnancy, adjusted for confounders, reported using adjusted prevalence risk ratio (aPR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
UNASSIGNED: Of 246 teenagers, the prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 41.5% while fertility awareness was 56.7%. The age category 18-19 years (aPR, 3.44; 95% CI, 2.16-5.47), fertility awareness (aPR, 1.80; 95%CI, 1.30-2.51) and Muslim faith (aPR, 1.37; 95%CI, 1.04-1.80) were associated with increased likelihood of teenage pregnancy. Living with a father (aPR, 0.61; 95%CI, 0.48-0.76), mother (aPR, 0.65; 95%CI, 0.524-0.81), or both parents (aPR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.43-0.76) was associated with a reduced likelihood of teenage pregnancy.
UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of teenage pregnancy in Bulisa district is high. There is a need to target teenagers with correct fertility information, including the engagement of parents and religious leaders.

UNASSIGNED: The Global Financing Facility (GFF) supports national reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, adolescent health, and nutrition needs. Previous analysis examined how adolescent sexual and reproductive health was represented in GFF national planning documents for 11 GFF partner countries.
UNASSIGNED: This paper furthers that analysis for 16 GFF partner countries as part of a Special Series.
UNASSIGNED: Content analysis was conducted on publicly available GFF planning documents for Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, CAR, Côte d\'Ivoire, Guinea, Haiti, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tajikistan, Vietnam. Analysis considered adolescent health content (mindset), indicators (measure) and funding (money) relative to adolescent sexual and reproductive health needs, using a tracer indicator.
UNASSIGNED:  Countries with higher rates of adolescent pregnancy had more content relating to adolescent reproductive health, with exceptions in fragile contexts. Investment cases had more adolescent content than project appraisal documents. Content gradually weakened from mindset to measures to money. Related conditions, such as fistula, abortion, and mental health, were insufficiently addressed. Documents from Burkina Faso and Malawi demonstrated it is possible to include adolescent programming even within a context of shifting or selective priorities.
UNASSIGNED: Tracing prioritisation and translation of commitments into plans provides a foundation for discussing global funding for adolescents. We highlight positive aspects of programming and areas for strengthening and suggest broadening the perspective of adolescent health beyond the reproductive health to encompass issues, such as mental health. This paper forms part of a growing body of accountability literature, supporting advocacy work for adolescent programming and funding.
Main findings: Adolescent health content is inconsistently included in the Global Financing Facility country documents, and despite strong or positive examples, the content is stronger in investment cases than project appraisal documents, and diminishes when comparing content, indicators and financing.Added knowledge: Although adolescent health content is generally strongest in countries with the highest proportion of births before age 18, there are exceptions in fragile contexts and gaps in addressing important issues related to adolescent health.Global health impact for policy and action: Adolescent health programming supported by the Global Financing Facility should build on examples of strong country plans, be more consistent in addressing adolescent health, and be accompanied by public transparency to facilitate accountability work such as this.

UNASSIGNED: Adolescent pregnancy is defined as pregnancy occurring in young women between the ages of 10 and 19 years. Adolescent pregnancies, which are among the social healthcare concerns in developed and developing countries, have negative effects on maternal and infant health. Pregnancy in adolescence puts the health of both the mother and child at risk, as adolescent pregnancies have higher rates of eclampsia, systemic infection, low birth weight, and preterm delivery compared to other pregnancies. In this study, the effects of education level, smoking, and marital status on maternal and foetal outcomes in adolescent pregnancies were evaluated.
UNASSIGNED: The records of a total of 960 pregnant women (480 pregnant adolescents aged 15-19 years and 480 pregnant adult women aged 20-26 years) were examined retrospectively. The demographic data of the groups and maternal and foetal outcomes of the pregnancies were compared. A logistic regression model was established as a statistical method for reducing confounding effects.
UNASSIGNED: Unmarried women were statistically significantly more prevalent in the adolescent group (38.3% vs. 7.3%). Among the considered risk factors, preeclampsia (2.9% vs. 0.8%) and smoking (29.8% vs. 9.8%) were statistically significantly more common in the adolescent group. When the groups were compared in terms of risk factors in pregnancy, it was found that pregnancy in adolescence was associated with a 3.04-fold higher risk of smoking, 5.25-fold higher risk of being unmarried, 3.50-fold higher risk of preeclampsia, and 1.70-fold higher risk of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).
UNASSIGNED: This study demonstrates an increased risk of preeclampsia, IUGR, and smoking during pregnancy in adolescent pregnant women. These findings can be used to identify adolescent pregnancies requiring specific assistance and to take measures to reduce the probability of adverse outcomes.
In this study, we examine the risks of adolescent pregnancies. Adolescent pregnancy is a public health problem, and it is more common in underdeveloped or developing countries. We believe that non-governmental organisations and governments should take precautions regarding adolescent pregnancies and protect this legally vulnerable sociodemographic group from pregnancy. For healthier and more conscientious pregnancy experiences, mothers must be of appropriate age, having passed the period of adolescence. Adolescent pregnancies, which come with many risks, and especially risks of preeclampsia, premature birth, and maternal death, should be minimised or prevented.

BACKGROUND: The natural and best approach to give newborns the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development is through breast feeding. Breastfeeding rates fall more sharply with time for mothers under the age of 20 years.
OBJECTIVE: This study sought to explore the challenges experienced by adolescent mothers who visit the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana.
METHODS: This study employed a qualitative phenomenology design and collected data from adolescent mothers. Data were gathered with the aid of a semistructured in-depth interview guide from 13 breastfeeding adolescent mothers. Data for the study were analysed using content analysis. The study was conducted at the obstetrics and gynaecology department of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana.
RESULTS: Two major themes were generated from the study to be the challenges that confront adolescent breastfeeding mothers, and they are maternal factors of breastfeeding barriers and societal factors of breastfeeding barriers. Subcategories were generated for both themes during the process.
CONCLUSIONS: Training of pregnant adolescents during antenatal care visits on how to manage the inability to lactate, breastfeeding stress, painful and sore nipple, engorged breast, stigma from society will lessen their burden. Furthermore, training close family members and friends on how to be kind and support adolescent mothers during breast feeding is important. In-service training should be organised for health workers to enhance their knowledge and practice of approaching and guiding adolescent mothers on effective breast feeding and the provision of cubicles in public places where adolescent mothers can comfortably breastfeed.

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UNASSIGNED: Unintended pregnancy is a major health risk for adolescents in the US, and adolescents face many barriers to obtaining effective and reliable contraception.
UNASSIGNED: To measure and describe the use of contraception, pregnancy risk index (PRI), and emergency contraception (EC) prescriptions among female adolescents accessing the emergency department (ED) for care.
UNASSIGNED: This cross-sectional study is a planned secondary analysis of a multicenter trial from April 2021 through April 2022 that used a tablet-based, content-validated, confidential sexual health survey at 6 urban, pediatric tertiary care EDs affiliated with the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network. Participants were individuals aged 15 to 21 years presenting to the ED who completed the confidential sexual health survey and indicated female sex assigned at birth and prior penile-vaginal sexual intercourse. Data analysis was performed from January 2023 to February 2024.
UNASSIGNED: The primary outcomes were the type and proportion of contraception use, the PRI, and provision of EC. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were performed to identify sociodemographic factors associated with these outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 1063 participants (median [IQR] age, 17.5 [16.5-18.3] years) were included in this analysis; 219 (20.8%) identified as Hispanic, 464 (44.1%) identified as non-Hispanic Black, 308 (29.3%) identified as non-Hispanic White, and 61 (5.8%) identified as other races and ethnicities. In total, 756 participants (71.1%) reported contraception use during their last sexual encounter. Long-acting reversible contraception use (LARC) was the least used (164 participants [15.4%]), and 307 (28.9%) reported no contraception use. Sociodemographic factors associated with overall contraception use, and LARC use specifically, included insurance and race and ethnicity. The overall PRI was 7.89, or an expected 8 pregnancies per 100 female individuals per year. Although 108 participants (10.2%) were eligible for EC, EC was ordered for only 6 (5.6%) of those eligible.
UNASSIGNED: In this cross-sectional study of sexually active adolescents presenting to the ED, the majority of participants reported using at least 1 form of contraception; however, LARCs were the least used option, and 28.9% of participants reported no contraceptive use. The unintended pregnancy risk was almost 8% in the study population. Few patients eligible for EC received it. These data suggest a high need and potential opportunity for provision of contraception services in the ED setting.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare liver disorder having long-standing inflammatory features. It classically affects women of reproductive age and can have adverse maternal and fetal outcomes during the pregnancy. The course of the disease is unpredictable and there have been flares even in stable patients. There are limited reports of its management in pregnancy. Furthermore, clinicians may encounter more pregnancies complicated by AIH due to advances in the treatment of AIH. We report a case of unplanned pregnancy in a young teenager who had been diagnosed with AIH. This case report summarises the risks, investigations, treatment and prevention of complications to achieve a favourable outcome in pregnancy. We highlight the importance of tight surveillance by a multidisciplinary team involving maternal medicine specialists and hepatology teams to achieve a good obstetric outcome in a district hospital like ours.

BACKGROUND: Gestational weight gain below or above the Institute of Medicine recommendations has been associated with adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Very few studies have evaluated the association between serum and red blood cell folate concentrations and gestational weight gain in adolescents. Additionally, zinc deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with impaired immunity, prolonged labor, preterm and post-term birth, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, and pregnancy-induced hypertension.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study is to evaluate the association between serum concentrations of zinc, serum folate, and red blood cell folate, with the increase in gestational weight and the weight and length of the newborn in a group of adolescent mothers from Mexico City.
RESULTS: In our study, 406 adolescent-neonate dyads participated. The adolescents\' median age was 15.8 years old. The predominant socioeconomic level was middle-low (57.8%), single (57%), 89.9% were engaged in home activities, and 41.3% completed secondary education. Excessive gestational weight gain was observed in 36.7% of cases, while insufficient gestational weight gain was noted in 38.4%. Small for gestational age infants were observed in 20.9% of the sample. Low serum folate (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.3), decreased red blood cell folate (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.6), and reduced serum zinc concentrations (OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.1-5.2) were associated with insufficient gestational weight gain. Decreased serum zinc levels (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.2-3.4) were linked to an increased probability of delivering a baby who is small for their gestational age.
CONCLUSIONS: Low serum folate, red blood cell folate, and serum zinc concentrations were associated with gestational weight gain and having a small gestational age baby. Both excessive and insufficient gestational weight gain, as well as having a small gestational age baby, are frequent among adolescent mothers.