背景:肠孢子虫,头孢菌素属。,隐孢子虫。,和十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫(G.肠)是导致猪腹泻的肠道病原体。本研究旨在使用基于巢式聚合酶链反应(nPCR)的方法确定中国西南地区(重庆和四川)腹泻猪中这些肠道寄生虫的患病率及其与E.bieneusi的共感染。
结果:共从重庆(5个猪场)和四川(9个猪场)的14个猪场收集了514只腹泻猪的粪便样本。头孢菌素的患病率。,隐孢子虫。而十二指肠氏杆菌为16.14%(83/514),0%(0/514),和8.95%(46/514),分别。巢式PCR显示有305例E.bieneusi单感染,6个E.cuniculi,两个E.hellem,9例十二指肠球藻和106例E.bieneusi与其他肠道病原体并发感染。未检测到肠球菌和隐孢子虫的感染。在E.bieneusi和E.cuniculi之间检测到最高的合并感染(10.5%,54/514),其次是E.bieneusi和G.daudenalis(5.8%,30/514)和E.bieneusi和E.hellem(2.9%,15/514)。E.bieneusi是最常见的肠道病原体,其次是E.cuniculi,G.十二指肠和E.hellem。与其他年龄组相比,育肥猪的cuniculi(χ2=15.266,df=3,P=0.002)和乳猪的十二指肠G(χ2=11.92,df=3,P=0.008)的患病率与年龄相关。对头孢菌素类动物的ITS区域的序列分析显示,阴囊E.cuniculi有两种基因型(II和III),E.hellem有一种基因型(TURK1B)。在所有巢式PCR阳性样品中仅鉴定出十二指肠G.大肠杆菌比其他肠道病原体更常见。
结论:这项研究表明,E.bieneusi,头孢菌素属。[E.cuniculi和E.hellem]和G.daudenalis是重庆和四川省腹泻猪中常见的肠道寄生虫。在单一感染和合并感染的情况下,E.bieneusi是腹泻猪中最常见的肠道病原体。因此,它可能是猪腹泻的重要原因。应采取预防措施以防止这些肠道寄生虫的传播。
Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp., Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis (G. intestinalis) are enteric pathogens that cause diarrhea in pigs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of these enteric parasites and their coinfection with E. bieneusi in diarrheic pigs in Southwest China (Chongqing and Sichuan) using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) based methods.
A total of 514 fecal samples were collected from diarrheic pigs from 14 pig farms in Chongqing (five farms) and Sichuan (nine farms) Provinces. The prevalence of Encephalitozoon spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis was 16.14% (83/514), 0% (0/514), and 8.95% (46/514), respectively. Nested PCR revealed 305 mono-infections of E. bieneusi, six of E. cuniculi, two of E. hellem, and nine of G. duodenalis and 106 concurrent infections of E. bieneusi with the other enteric pathogens. No infections of E. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium species were detected. The highest coinfection was detected between E. bieneusi and E. cuniculi (10.5%, 54/514), followed by E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis (5.8%, 30/514) and E. bieneusi and E. hellem (2.9%, 15/514). E. bieneusi was the most frequently detected enteric pathogen, followed by E. cuniculi, G. duodenalis and E. hellem. There was a significant age-related difference in the prevalence of E. cuniculi in fattening pigs (χ2 = 15.266, df = 3, P = 0.002) and G. duodenalis in suckling pigs (χ2 = 11.92, df = 3, P = 0.008) compared with the other age groups. Sequence analysis of the ITS region of Encephalitozoon species showed two genotypes (II and III) for E. cuniculi and one (TURK1B) for E. hellem. Only G. duodenalis assemblage A was identified in all nested PCR-positive samples. E. bieneusi was found more often than other enteric pathogens.
This study showed that E. bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp. [E. cuniculi and E. hellem] and G. duodenalis were common enteric parasites in diarrheic pigs in Chongqing and Sichuan Provinces. In case of both mono-infection and coinfection, E. bieneusi was the most common enteric pathogen in diarrheic pigs. Thus, it may be a significant cause of diarrhea in pigs. Precautions should be taken to prevent the spread of these enteric parasites.