PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Microbial communities have occasionally been observed in part of the ephemeric reproductive structure of floral stigmas, but their prevalence, phylogenetic diversity and ecological roles are understudied. This report describes the first study of bacterial and fungal communities in immature and mature stigma tissue of the endangered holoparasitic plant Phelipanche arenaria. Culture-dependent methods coupled with next-generation sequencing indicated that a small surface of the flower stigma was an unexpectedly rich and diverse microhabitat for colonization of microbial. We also compared the enzymatic activity of the bacterial communities between immature and mature stigmas samples.
RESULTS: Using high-throughput sequencing methods, we identified and classified 39 to over 51 OTUs per sample for bacterial OTUs represented by Pantoea agglomerans and P. ananatis, comprising 50.6%, followed by Pseudomonas, Luteibacter spp., Sphingomonas spp. with 17% of total frequency. The bacterial profile of immature stigmas of P. arenaria contained unique microorganisms (21 of the most numerous OTUs) that were not confirmed in mature stigmas. However, the enzymatic activity of bacteria in mature stigmas of P. arenaria showed more activity than observed in immature stigmas. In the fungal profile, we recorded even 80 OTUs in mature stigmas, consisting of Capnodiales 45.03% of the total abundance with 28.27% of frequency was created by Alternaria eichhorniae (10.55%), Mycosphaerella tassiana (9.69%), and Aureobasidium pullulans (8.03%). Additionally, numerous putative plant growth-promoting bacteria, fungal pathogens and pathogen-antagonistic yeasts were also detected.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study uncovered that P. arenaria stigmas host diverse bacterial and fungal communities. These microorganisms are well known and have been described as beneficial for biotechnological and environmental applications (e.g., production of different enzymes and antimicrobial compounds). This research provided valuable insight into the parasitic plant-microbe interactions.
RESULTS: Using high-throughput sequencing methods, we identified and classified 39 to over 51 OTUs per sample for bacterial OTUs represented by Pantoea agglomerans and P. ananatis, comprising 50.6%, followed by Pseudomonas, Luteibacter spp., Sphingomonas spp. with 17% of total frequency. The bacterial profile of immature stigmas of P. arenaria contained unique microorganisms (21 of the most numerous OTUs) that were not confirmed in mature stigmas. However, the enzymatic activity of bacteria in mature stigmas of P. arenaria showed more activity than observed in immature stigmas. In the fungal profile, we recorded even 80 OTUs in mature stigmas, consisting of Capnodiales 45.03% of the total abundance with 28.27% of frequency was created by Alternaria eichhorniae (10.55%), Mycosphaerella tassiana (9.69%), and Aureobasidium pullulans (8.03%). Additionally, numerous putative plant growth-promoting bacteria, fungal pathogens and pathogen-antagonistic yeasts were also detected.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study uncovered that P. arenaria stigmas host diverse bacterial and fungal communities. These microorganisms are well known and have been described as beneficial for biotechnological and environmental applications (e.g., production of different enzymes and antimicrobial compounds). This research provided valuable insight into the parasitic plant-microbe interactions.
摘要：
背景：偶尔在花柱头的短暂性生殖结构的一部分中观察到微生物群落，但是它们的患病率，系统发育多样性和生态作用研究不足。该报告描述了对濒临灭绝的全寄生植物Phelipancheararenaria的未成熟和成熟柱头组织中细菌和真菌群落的首次研究。培养依赖性方法与下一代测序相结合表明，花柱头的小表面是微生物定殖的出乎意料的丰富和多样的微生境。我们还比较了未成熟和成熟柱头样品之间细菌群落的酶活性。
结果：使用高通量测序方法，我们鉴定并分类了39到51个以上的OTU，每个样本的细菌OTU由Pantoea和P.ananatis代表，占50.6%，其次是假单胞菌,Luteibacterspp.,鞘氨醇单胞菌属。占总频率的17%。沙粒假单胞菌未成熟柱头的细菌谱包含独特的微生物（最多OTU中的21种），在成熟柱头中未得到证实。然而,在P.arenaria的成熟柱头中细菌的酶活性显示出比在未成熟柱头中观察到的更高的活性。在真菌方面,我们甚至在成熟的柱头中记录了80个OTU，由斑驳菌(10.55%)产生的总丰度的45.03%和28.27%的频率组成，塔斯皮菌(9.69%),和出芽梭菌（8.03%）。此外,许多推定的植物生长促进细菌，还检测到真菌病原体和病原体拮抗酵母。
结论：我们的研究发现，红藻柱头宿主不同的细菌和真菌群落。这些微生物是众所周知的，并且已被描述为有益于生物技术和环境应用（例如，生产不同的酶和抗菌化合物)。这项研究为寄生植物-微生物相互作用提供了有价值的见解。
结果：使用高通量测序方法，我们鉴定并分类了39到51个以上的OTU，每个样本的细菌OTU由Pantoea和P.ananatis代表，占50.6%，其次是假单胞菌,Luteibacterspp.,鞘氨醇单胞菌属。占总频率的17%。沙粒假单胞菌未成熟柱头的细菌谱包含独特的微生物（最多OTU中的21种），在成熟柱头中未得到证实。然而,在P.arenaria的成熟柱头中细菌的酶活性显示出比在未成熟柱头中观察到的更高的活性。在真菌方面,我们甚至在成熟的柱头中记录了80个OTU，由斑驳菌(10.55%)产生的总丰度的45.03%和28.27%的频率组成，塔斯皮菌(9.69%),和出芽梭菌（8.03%）。此外,许多推定的植物生长促进细菌，还检测到真菌病原体和病原体拮抗酵母。
结论：我们的研究发现，红藻柱头宿主不同的细菌和真菌群落。这些微生物是众所周知的，并且已被描述为有益于生物技术和环境应用（例如，生产不同的酶和抗菌化合物)。这项研究为寄生植物-微生物相互作用提供了有价值的见解。
