肠道微生物群及其代谢产物对动物的健康和生长发育至关重要。目前的研究表明,性别对肠道菌群的结构和功能有一定的影响,但是关于肠道微生物代谢产物的性别差异的报道很少,包括那些被阉割的雄性动物。本研究旨在探讨性别对海南特种野猪肠道微生物代谢产物的影响(10头公猪,10只母猪,和10只阉割的公猪,表示为EM,FE,和CM,分别)通过采用非靶向代谢组学和气相色谱法。共检测到1086种代谢物,在EM和FE之间观察到的差异代谢物数量最多(54种差异代谢物,包括18种上调和36种下调的代谢物),CM和FE之间最少(7种差异代谢物,包括1个上调和6个下调的代谢物),和CM和EM之间的中间数(47个差异代谢物,包括35种上调的代谢物和12种下调的代谢物)。差异代谢物参与EM和FE之间以及CM和EM之间的更多途径,包括氨基酸代谢和消化系统途径,而差异代谢物参与CM和FE之间最少的途径。相关分析显示,RuminocycaceaeUCG-009,未培养的_细菌_o_SAR324_cladeMarine_B组,和念珠菌糖藻属有助于产生代谢产物,如海藻糖,二十二碳三烯酸,D(-)-β-羟基丁酸,和乙酰-DL-亮氨酸。乙酸的含量,丙酸,丁酸,异丁酸,戊酸,EM和异戊酸明显高于FE,CM介于两者之间。链球菌,Lachnospileaceae_NK4A136_组和Rkenellaceae_RC9_gut_组与短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的产生呈显着正相关,而[Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenies_组,未培养的_bacteria_f_p-251-o5和Ruminococaceae_UCG-005与SCFAs的产生呈显着负相关。这项研究为不同性别的海南特殊野猪的精确饲养策略提供了基础数据和重要见解,以及对动物肠道微生物代谢产物性别差异的研究。
The intestinal microbiota and its metabolites are essential for the health and growth development of animals. Current research indicates that sex has a certain impact on the structure and function of the intestinal microbiota, but there are few reports on sex differences in intestinal microbiota metabolites, including those of castrated male animals. This study aimed to explore the impact of sex on the intestinal microbial metabolites of Hainan special wild boars (10 entire male pigs, 10 female pigs, and 10 castrated male pigs, denoted EM, FE, and CM, respectively) by employing non-targeted metabolomics and gas chromatography. A total of 1086 metabolites were detected, with the greatest number of differential metabolites observed between EM and FE (54 differential metabolites, including 18 upregulated and 36 downregulated metabolites), the fewest between CM and FE (7 differential metabolites, including 1 upregulated and 6 downregulated metabolites), and an intermediate number between CM and EM (47 differential metabolites, including 35 upregulated and 12 downregulated metabolites). Differential metabolites were involved in more pathways between EM and FE and between CM and EM, including amino acid metabolism and digestive system pathways, whereas differential metabolites were involved in the fewest pathways between CM and FE. Correlation analysis showed Ruminococcaceae UCG-009, uncultured_bacterium_o_SAR324_cladeMarine_group_B, and Candidatus Saccharimonas contributed to the production of metabolites such as trehalose, docosatrienoic acid, D(-)-beta-hydroxy butyric acid, and acetyl-DL-leucine. The levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid were significantly higher in EM than in FE, with CM falling between the two. Streptococcus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group showed a significant positive correlation with the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), while [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group, uncultured_bacterium_f_p-251-o5 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 showed a significant negative correlation with the generation of SCFAs. This study provides foundational data and significant insights into precision feeding strategies for Hainan special wild boars of different sexes, as well as the study of sex differences in intestinal microbial metabolites in animals.