背景:蛇形吸虫,尤其是Opisthorchisviverrini,Opisthorchisfelineus,华支睾吸虫,和Metorchisspp。是最常见的鱼类传播的人畜共患肝吸虫(hLF)。肝吸虫感染在资源匮乏和贫困地区更为普遍。我们在此估算了孟加拉国某些选定地区销售供人类食用的常见大型淡水鱼(lFWF)中主要hLF的囊虫(MC)的患病率,并检测了其软体动物载体和水库。
方法:从2018年7月至2022年6月,在孟加拉国的Mymensingh和Kishoreganj,调查了lFWF中鱼类传播的人畜共患hLF感染的现状及其软体动物载体和哺乳动物水库宿主,使用常规和多分子技术,如PCR,PCR-限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP),测序,测序和生物信息学分析。使用Z检验分析鱼类的感染率,并使用卡方(χ2)检验比较MC的载荷。
结果:中华梭菌的MC,Opisthorchisspp.,和Metorchisspp。在11种常见和流行的lFWF中检测到。在lFWF,估计患病率为18.7%,平均负荷为每100g鱼137.4±149.8MC。斑点蛇头鱼的患病率最高(P<0.05)(Channapunctata,63.6%)。感染最高的是C.sinensis的MC(11.8%)。鱼头和鱼体之间的尾虫分布几乎相等(P>0.05)。养殖鱼类的感染率略高(19.6%)。C.sinensis的MC,O.Felineus,O.Viverrini,用PCR方法证实了鱼类中的东方美胸,PCR-RFLP和生物信息学。仅从Bithyniaspp中回收了opisthorchiid(胸膜尾c)吸虫的尾c。(3.9%,1089中的42个)。来自狗的hLF的ova(4.3%,116人中有5人)和猫(6.0%,100个中的6个),和成年吸虫(M.从鸭子中检测到东方白质)(275个中的41.1%113个)。
结论:hLF的MC在孟加拉国的淡水鱼中非常普遍。水库主机,比如流浪狗,猫,鸭子携带了专利感染,孟加拉国的居民处于危险之中。
BACKGROUND: Opisthorchiid flukes, particularly Opisthorchis viverrini, Opisthorchis felineus, Clonorchis sinensis, and Metorchis spp. are the most common fish-borne zoonotic human liver flukes (hLFs). Liver fluke infections are more prevalent in resource-deprived and underprivileged areas. We herein estimated the prevalence of the metacercariae (MC) of major hLFs in common large freshwater fishes (lFWF) marketed for human consumption from some selected areas of Bangladesh along with detection of their molluscan vectors and reservoirs.
METHODS: The current status of fish-borne zoonotic hLF infections in lFWF was investigated along with their molluscan vectors and mammalian reservoir hosts in Mymensingh and Kishoreganj in Bangladesh from July 2018-June 2022 using conventional and multiple molecular techniques, such as PCR, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), sequencing, and bioinformatic analyses. The infection rate of fishes was analyzed using the Z-test and the loads of MC were compared using the chi-squared (χ2) test.
RESULTS: The MC of C. sinensis, Opisthorchis spp., and Metorchis spp. were detected in 11 species of common and popular lFWF. In lFWF, the estimated prevalence was 18.7% and the mean load was 137.4 ± 149.8 MC per 100 g of fish. The prevalence was the highest (P < 0.05) in spotted snakehead fishes (Channa punctata, 63.6%). The highest rate of infection (P < 0.05) was observed with the MC of C. sinensis (11.8%). Metacercariae were almost equally (P > 0.05) distributed between the head and body of fishes. The infection rate was slightly higher in cultured (19.6%) fishes. The MC of C. sinensis, O. felineus, O. viverrini, and Metorchis orientalis in fishes were confirmed using PCR, PCR-RFLP and bioinformatics. The cercariae of opisthorchiid (Pleurolophocercus cercariae) flukes were only recovered from Bithynia spp. (3.9%, 42 out of 1089). The ova of hLFs from dogs (4.3%, 5 out of 116) and cats (6.0%, 6 out of 100), and adult flukes (M. orientalis) from ducks (41.1% 113 out of 275) were detected.
CONCLUSIONS: The MC of hLFs are highly prevalent in fresh water fishes in Bangladesh. Reservoir hosts, such as street dogs, cats, and ducks carried the patent infection, and residents of Bangladesh are at risk.