足部和踝关节疾病在怀孕期间很常见,受包括体重分布在内的显著生理变化的驱动,荷尔蒙波动,和流体平衡。这些变化通常会导致静脉曲张等疾病,血栓性静脉炎,深静脉血栓形成(DVT),水肿,过度内旋,脚踝扭伤,meta骨痛,应力断裂,韧带撕裂,滑膜炎,肌腱撕裂,腱鞘炎,甲状旁腺炎,足底筋膜炎,和莫顿的神经瘤。本文强调超声对这些情况的诊断效用,鉴于其安全性,非侵入性,和实时成像能力没有电离辐射。超声对于诊断静脉曲张和血栓性静脉炎等静脉疾病特别有效,利用多普勒超声评估静脉结构和功能。它也有助于识别DVT,检测静脉扩张,反流,和血栓形成。对于水肿等情况,超声有助于区分生理和病理原因,确保准确的诊断和管理。在肌肉骨骼问题如过度内翻的情况下,脚踝扭伤,韧带撕裂,和肌腱病理学,超声提供软组织的详细图像,允许精确的诊断和有效的治疗计划。它对于检测meta骨痛同样有用,足底筋膜炎,和莫顿的神经瘤,提供对软组织异常的见解和指导治疗干预。超声的作用延伸到诊断脚和脚踝的异物,它表现出高灵敏度和特异性。超声波的可及性和成本效益使其成为各种医疗保健环境中的宝贵工具,确保在怀孕期间及时准确地诊断和管理足部和踝关节疾病,最终提高患者的预后和生活质量。
Foot and ankle disorders are common during pregnancy, driven by significant physiological changes including weight distribution, hormonal fluctuations, and fluid balance. These changes often result in conditions such as varicose veins, thrombophlebitis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), edema, overpronation, ankle sprains, metatarsalgia, stress fractures, ligament tears, synovitis, tendon tears, tenosynovitis, paratenonitis, plantar fasciitis, and Morton\'s neuroma. This paper emphasizes the diagnostic utility of ultrasound for these conditions, given its safety, non-invasiveness, and real-time imaging capabilities without ionizing radiation. Ultrasound is particularly effective for diagnosing venous disorders like varicose veins and thrombophlebitis, leveraging Doppler ultrasound to assess vein structure and function. It is also instrumental in identifying DVT, detecting vein dilation, reflux, and thrombosis. For conditions such as edema, ultrasound helps differentiate physiological from pathological causes, ensuring accurate diagnosis and management. In cases of musculoskeletal issues like overpronation, ankle sprains, ligament tears, and tendon pathologies, ultrasound provides detailed images of soft tissues, allowing for precise diagnosis and effective treatment planning. It is equally useful for detecting metatarsalgia, plantar fasciitis, and Morton\'s neuroma, offering insights into soft tissue abnormalities and guiding therapeutic interventions. Ultrasound\'s role extends to diagnosing foreign bodies in the foot and ankle, where it demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity. The accessibility and cost-effectiveness of ultrasound make it an invaluable tool in various healthcare settings, ensuring timely and accurate diagnosis and management of foot and ankle disorders during pregnancy, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.