Solution-based processes have received considerable attention in the fabrication of electronics and sensors owing to their merits of being low-cost, vacuum-free, and simple in equipment. However, the current solution-based processes either lack patterning capability or have low resolution (tens of micrometers) and low pattern fidelity in terms of line edge roughness (LER, several micrometers). Here, we present a surface energy-directed assembly (SEDA) process to fabricate metal oxide patterns with up to 2 orders of magnitude improvement in resolution (800 nm) and LER (16 nm). Experiment results show that high pattern fidelity can be achieved only at low relative humidities of below 30%. The reason for this phenomenon lies in negligible water condensation on the solution droplet. Employing the SEDA process, all-solution-processed metal oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated by using indium oxide as channel layers, indium tin oxide as source/drain electrodes and gate electrodes, and aluminum oxide as gate dielectrics. TFT-based logic gate circuits, including NOT, NOR, NAND, and AND are fabricated as well, demonstrating the applicability of the SEDA process in fabricating large area functional electronics.

Over the last two decades, the analogue report task has become a standard method for measuring the fidelity of visual representations across research domains including perception, attention, and memory. Despite its widespread use, there has been no methodical investigation of the different task parameters that might contribute to response variability. To address this gap, we conducted two experiments manipulating components of a typical analogue report test of memory for colour hue. We found that human response errors were independently affected by changes in storage and maintenance requirements of the task, demonstrated by a strong effect of set size even in the absence of a memory delay. In contrast, response variability remained unaffected by physical size of the colour wheel, implying negligible contribution of motor noise to task performance, or by its chroma radius, highlighting non-uniformity of the standard colour space. Comparing analogue report to a matched forced-choice task, we found variation in adjustment criterion made a limited contribution to analogue report variability, becoming meaningful only with low representational noise. Our findings validate the analogue report task as a robust measure of representational fidelity for most purposes, while also quantifying non-representational sources of noise that would limit its reliability in specialized settings.

UNASSIGNED: To provide an overview review of international evidence of vocational outcomes in Individual Placement and Support (IPS) interventions for populations other than severe mental health.
UNASSIGNED: An overview of reviews published in English since 2000 reporting vocational outcomes (job entry, work sustainment, earnings, work hours, time to job entry) against counterfactuals of IPS interventions for population groups other than severe mental health. The overview review maximises data from individual studies and includes additional recent primary studies. DerSimonian-Laird random effects meta-analysis was performed.
UNASSIGNED: Thirteen eligible studies were identified from five reviews and five more recent individual studies were also identified. IPS studies covered a range of groups with a concentration towards mental health. For the primary vocational outcome of job entry all IPS studies showed superior job entry rates compared to control groups with an overall weighted odds ratio of 1.78 [1.42,2.22]. Substantial heterogeneity was identified by study size and the overall weighted odds ratio of 1.32 [1.2,1.46] estimated from the large and medium sized studies seems a more plausible estimate of the likely effects of scaled-up IPS interventions in groups beyond severe mental health. Secondary vocational outcomes including job sustainment, total earnings, average weekly hours worked and time to job entry were typically superior in IPS services than control groups.
UNASSIGNED: IPS services are consistently more effective in supporting diverse population groups into sustained employment compared to business-as-usual employment services. The evidence is limited by unclear terminology, small sample sizes, incomplete intervention fidelity, intervention contamination and inconsistent measurement.

Direct methods for determining the fidelity of DNA polymerases are robust, with relatively little sample manipulation before sequencing. In contrast, methods for measuring RNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase fidelities are complicated by additional preparation steps that introduce ambiguity and error. Here, we describe a sequencing method, termed Roll-Seq, for simultaneously determining the individual fidelities of RNA polymerases and reverse transcriptases (RT) using Pacific Biosciences Single Molecule Real-Time sequencing. By employing reverse transcriptases with high rolling-circle activity, Roll-Seq generates long concatemeric cDNA from a circular RNA template. To discern the origin of a mutation, errors are recorded and determined to occur within a single concatemer (reverse transcriptase error) or all concatemers (RNA polymerase error) over the cDNA strand. We used Roll-Seq to measure the fidelities of T7 RNA polymerases, a Group II intron-encoded RT (Induro), and two LINE RTs (Fasciolopsis buski R2-RT and human LINE-1). Substitution rates for Induro and R2-RT are the same for cDNA and second strand synthesis while LINE-1 has 2.5-fold lower fidelity when performing second strand synthesis. Deletion and insertion rates increase for all RTs during second strand synthesis. In addition, we find that a structured RNA template impacts fidelity for both RNA polymerase and RT. The accuracy and precision of Roll-Seq enable this method to be applied as a complementary analysis to structural and mechanistic characterization of RNA polymerases and reverse transcriptases or as a screening method for RNAP and RT fidelity.

BACKGROUND: Children with intellectual disability are less physically active and more sedentary than typically developing peers. To date no studies have tested the feasibility of a school-based walking intervention for children with Intellectual Disability.
METHODS: A clustered randomised controlled trial (cRCT), with an embedded process evaluation, was used to test the feasibility of a school-based walking intervention. Eight schools (n = 161 pupils aged 9-13 years) were randomised into either an intervention arm or an \'exercise as usual\' arm. Measures included physical activity, physical fitness and emotional wellbeing. Baseline and 3-month follow-up data were collected.
RESULTS: The \'Walk Buds\' intervention was found to be acceptable to teaching staff and pupils, with an uptake rate of the walking sessions offered of 84%.
CONCLUSIONS: A number of challenges were experienced, relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, and difficulties collecting accelerometer data. Barriers, facilitators and required changes identified through the mixed methods process evaluation are discussed.

BACKGROUND: In Northwestern Switzerland, recent legislation tackles the needs of community-dwelling older adults by creating Information and Advice Centers (IACs). IACs are a new service in the community that aims to assess the needs and provide information on age-related issues to community-dwelling older adults and their families. Previous studies reported difficulties in reaching community-dwelling older adults for community-based programs. We aimed to: 1) systematically identify implementation strategies to promote the IAC among community care providers, older adults and informal caregivers; 2) monitor the delivery of these strategies by the IAC management; and 3) describe the impact of those strategies on reach of community-dwelling older adults. This study was conducted as part of the TRANS-SENIOR project.
METHODS: As part of the INSPIRE feasibility assessment, we conducted a pre-test post-test study between March and September 2022. The sample included 8,840 older adults aged 65 + visiting/calling or being referred to the IAC for the first time. Implementation strategies were selected using implementation mapping and organized in bundles for each group of community care providers and older adults/caregivers. Our evaluation included: estimation of fidelity to the delivery of implementation strategies and bundles by the IAC management and their coverage; referral source of older adults to the IAC; and impact of the strategies on reach of the IAC on the 65 + population living in the care region. Adaptations to the strategies were documented using the FRAME-IS. Descriptive statistics were calculated and reported.
RESULTS: Seven implementation strategies were selected and organized in bundles for each community care provider and older adults and their caregivers. The lowest fidelity score was found in implementation strategies selected for nursing homes whereas the highest score corresponded to strategies targeting older adults and caregivers. \"Informational visits\" was the strategy with the lowest coverage (2.5% for nursing homes and 10.5% for hospitals and specialized clinics). The main referral sources were self-referrals and referrals by caregivers, followed by nursing homes. The IAC reach among the 65 + population was 5.4%.
CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the use of implementation mapping to select implementation strategies to reach community-dwelling older adults. The reach was low suggesting that higher fidelity to the delivery of the strategies, and reflection on the causal pathway of the implementation strategies might be needed.

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation represents a strategic change that requires alignment of leadership and support throughout organizations. Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) is a multifaceted implementation strategy that aims to improve implementation leadership and climate within organizations through iterative cycles of leadership and climate assessment and feedback, leadership training and coaching, and strategic planning with upper-level leaders. This study tested the effects of LOCI on transformational and implementation leadership, implementation climate, implementation citizenship behavior, and EBP reach.
METHODS: A multiple cohort, cluster randomized trial tests the effect of LOCI in 60 clinics across nine behavioral health organizations in California and Arizona, USA. The study randomized clinics within organizations to either LOCI or a leadership training webinar control condition in three consecutive cohorts. Repeated web-based surveys of direct service providers (nLOCI = 201, nControl = 179) assessed leadership, implementation climate, and implementation citizenship over time. Multilevel autoregressive modeling was the primary statistical analysis such that providers (level-1) were nested within clinics (level-2). The study predicted between-condition differences at 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow-up assessments. Provider engagement in a fidelity monitoring process assessed reach of motivational interviewing (i.e., number of sessions recorded/submitted for fidelity coding). An independent sample t-test explored between condition differences in motivational interviewing reach.
RESULTS: Results indicated between condition differences at 4 months for implementation leadership, implementation climate, and implementation citizenship behavior such that greater improvements were evidenced in the LOCI condition compared to the control condition. Reach of MI was significantly greater in the LOCI vs control condition such that LOCI providers were significantly more likely to engage in the fidelity monitoring process (chi-square (1, n = 370) = 5.59, p = .018).
CONCLUSIONS: LOCI was developed based on organizational theories of strategic leadership and climate to affect organizational change processes that communicate that innovation implementation is expected, supported, and recognized as a value of the organization. The LOCI implementation strategy resulted in more positive hypothesized outcomes compared to the control condition. Organizational change strategies have utility for implementing health innovations in complex, multilevel contexts and for greater sustainment of facilitative leader behaviors, strategic implementation climate, and improved implementation outcomes.
BACKGROUND: This study is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov gov (NCT03042832, 2 February 2017; retrospectively registered).

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has significantly impacted the global pork industry for over three decades. Its high mutation rates and frequent recombination greatly intensifies its epidemic and threat. To explore the fidelity characterization of Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV JXwn06 and the NADC30-like strain CHsx1401, self-recombination and mutation in PAMs, MARC-145 cells, and pigs were assessed. In vitro, CHsx1401 displayed a higher frequency of recombination junctions and a greater diversity of junction types than JXwn06. In vivo, CHsx1401 exhibited fewer junction types yet maintained a higher junction frequency. Notably, JXwn06 showed more accumulation of mutations. To pinpoint the genomic regions influencing their fidelity, chimeric viruses were constructed, with the exchanged nsp9-10 regions between JXwn06 and CHsx1401. The SJn9n10 strain, which incorporates JXwn06\'s nsp9-10 into the CHsx1401 genome, demonstrated reduced sensitivity to nucleotide analogs compared to CHsx1401. Conversely, compared with JXwn06, the JSn9n10 strain showed increased sensitivity to these inhibitors. The swapped nsp9-10 also influences the junction frequency and accumulated mutations as their donor strains. The results indicate a propensity for different types of genetic variations between these two strains and further highlight the nsp9-10 region as a critical determinant of their fidelity.

OBJECTIVE: NHS England commissioned independent service providers to deliver the NHS Low-Calorie Diet Programme pilot. Previous research has illustrated a drift in the fidelity of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) during the delivery of the programme provided through face-to-face group or one-to-one behavioural support. The aim of this study was to assess the delivery fidelity of the BCT content in the digital delivery of the programme.
METHODS: Online, app chat and phone call support content was coded using The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy. BCTs delivered by each service provider (N = 2) were calculated and compared to the BCTs specified in the NHS service specification and those specified in the providers\' programme plans.
RESULTS: Between 78% and 83% of the BCTs identified in the NHS service specification were delivered by the service providers. The fidelity of BCT delivery to those specified in providers\' programme plans was 60%-65% for provider A, and 82% for provider B.
CONCLUSIONS: The BCT content of the digital model used in the NHS-LCD programme adhered well to the NHS service specification and providers\' plans. It surpassed what has been previously observed in face-to-face services provided through group or one-on-one behavioural support models.

BACKGROUND: Many Covid-19 survivors are living with unresolved, relapsing and remitting symptoms and no \'one size\' of treatment is likely to be effective for everyone. Supported self-management for the varied symptoms of Long Covid (LC) is recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the United Kingdom. We aimed to develop a new personalised support intervention for people living with LC using a structured co-design framework to guide replication and evaluation.
METHODS: We used the improvement methodology, Experience-Based Co-Design, in an accelerated form to harness the collective experiences of people with LC. Incorporating evidence from \'Bridges Self-Management\' (Bridges) an approach in which healthcare professionals (HCPs)are trained to support knowledge, confidence and skills of individuals living with long term conditions. Co-designed resources are also central to Bridges. Adults who self-identified as living with or recovered from LC, from England or Wales, aged 18 years and over were recruited, and HCPs, with experience of supporting people with LC. Participants took part in a series of small co-design group meetings and larger mixed meetings to agree priorities, core principles and generate resources and intervention content.
RESULTS: People with LC (n = 28), and HCPs (n = 9) supported co-design of a book (hard-copy and digital form) to be used in 1:1 support sessions with a trained HCP. Co-design stages prioritised stories about physical symptoms first, and psychological and social challenges which followed, nonlinear journeys and reconceptualising stability as progress, rich descriptions of strategies and links to reputable advice and support for navigating healthcare services. Co-design enabled formulation of eight core intervention principles which underpinned the training and language used by HCPs and fidelity assessments.
CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a new personalised support intervention, with core principles to be used in one-to-one sessions delivered by trained HCPs, with a new co-designed book as a prompt to build personalised strategies and plans using narratives, ideas, and solutions from other people with LC. Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of the \'LISTEN\' intervention will be evaluated in a randomised controlled trial set within the context of the updated Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions.
UNASSIGNED: The LISTEN Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) group comprised seven people living with LC. They all contributed to the design of this study and five members were part of a larger co-design community described in this paper. They have contributed to this paper by interpreting stages of intervention design and analysis of results. Three members of our PPI group are co-authors of this paper.