由于残留的有机微污染物和病原体,再生水对环境和人类健康构成风险。臭氧化再生水以控制病原体和痕量有机物是先进的水处理系统中可再利用再生水的重要步骤。在控制消毒副产物的同时确保有效减少病原体仍然是在再生水再利用应用中实施臭氧化的重大挑战。本研究旨在研究使用活塞流反应器(PFR)的臭氧化条件,以实现有效的病原体去除/灭活,同时最大程度地减少溴酸盐和N-亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA)的形成。使用三种剂量的臭氧(0.7、1.0和1.4臭氧/总有机碳(O3/TOC)比)进行中试规模研究,以确定使用实际再生水的消毒性能。通过测量总大肠杆菌来评估消毒效率,大肠杆菌(E.大肠杆菌),辣椒轻度斑驳病毒(PMMoV),番茄褐菜果病毒(ToBRFV)和诺如病毒(HNoV)。臭氧CT值范围为1.60至13.62mg。minL-1,导致病原体和指标显着减少。具体来说,臭氧处理导致总大肠菌群浓度降低2.46-2.89、2.03-2.18、0.46-1.63、2.23-2.64和>4对数,大肠杆菌,PMMoV,ToBRFV,和HNoV,分别。臭氧化后,溴酸盐和NDMA的浓度增加,分别达到2.8-12.0μgL-1和28-40.0ngL-1之间的水平,对于平均饲料溴化水水平为86.7±1.8μgL-1和TOC水平为7.2±0.1mgL-1。DBP形成的增加随着臭氧剂量的增加而明显,在一些可饮用的再利用应用中,可能需要在后续处理步骤中去除/控制。
Reclaimed water poses environmental and human health risks due to residual organic micropollutants and pathogens. Ozonation of reclaimed water to control pathogens and trace organics is an important step in advanced water treatment systems for potable reuse of reclaimed water. Ensuring efficient pathogen reduction while controlling disinfection byproducts remains a significant challenge to implementing ozonation in reclaimed water reuse applications. This study aimed to investigate ozonation conditions using a plug flow reactor (PFR) to achieve effective pathogen removal/inactivation while minimizing bromate and N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation. The pilot scale study was conducted using three doses of ozone (0.7, 1.0 and 1.4 ozone/total organic carbon (O3/TOC) ratio) to determine the disinfection performance using actual reclaimed water. The disinfection efficiency was assessed by measuring total coliforms, Escherichia Coli (E. coli), Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV), Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus (ToBRFV) and Norovirus (HNoV). The ozone CT values ranged from 1.60 to 13.62 mg.min L-1, resulting in significant reductions in pathogens and indicators. Specifically, ozone treatment led to concentration reductions of 2.46-2.89, 2.03-2.18, 0.46-1.63, 2.23-2.64 and >4 log for total coliforms, E. coli, PMMoV, ToBRFV, and HNoV, respectively. After ozonation, concentrations of bromate and NDMA increased, reaching levels between 2.8 -12.0 μg L-1, and 28 - 40.0 ng L-1, respectively, for average feed water bromide levels of 86.7 ± 1.8 μg L-1 and TOC levels of 7.2 ± 0.1 mg L-1. The increases in DBP formation were pronounced with higher ozone dosages, possibly requiring removal/control in subsequent treatment steps in some potable reuse applications.