UNASSIGNED: Gastric cancer (GC) is a typical malignant tumor and the main cause of cancer-related deaths. Its pathogenesis involves multiple steps, including pyroptosis, although these steps are still uncertain. Pyroptosis, also known as gasdermin-mediated programmed necrosis, participates in various pathological processes in tumors, including GC. ELANE, which encodes neutrophil elastase, is closely associated with GC. Additionally, ELANE has been implicated in GC cell pyroptosis, but this has not been confirmed. Therefore, investigating the link between ELANE and pyroptosis in GC is warranted. This research uses bioinformatics and experiments to examine the relationship between ELANE, pyroptosis, and GC prognosis.
UNASSIGNED: The GEO and TCGA databases, along with pyroptosis-related genes, were applied to identify pyroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). ELANE was selected via primary screening. Using the median expression level of ELANE as the threshold, pyroptosis-related DEGs were divided into low- and high-ELANE groups. Based on the DEGs in these two groups, GO, KEGG and GSEA analyses were conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of ELANE in GC. Furthermore, we plotted ROC and Kaplan-Meier curves to analyze the clinical and pathological features of ELANE expression. The Nomograms tool was applied to calculate the predictive value of ELANE for the clinical outcomes of GC cases. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect the level of ELANE in GC tissues and to validate whether ELANE was involved in pyroptosis in GC cells through cell experiments. Finally, the immune infiltration of ELANE was investigated, and interaction networks (proteins-ELANE, microRNA-ELANE, and small-molecule drug-ELANE) were constructed.
UNASSIGNED: We aimed to investigate the expression of the ELANE gene in GC and study the relationship among ELANE, pyroptosis, and the prognosis of patients with GC. Differential expression analysis of gene-expression datasets from TCGA-STAD and GSE49051 revealed that the expression of the ELANE gene was significantly up-regulated in GC. Using STRING network analysis, we identified multiple proteins involved in the occurrence and development of GC, including interactions between ELANE and GSDMC, a member of the gasdermin protein family. Survival analysis showed that ELANE expression levels significantly affected overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with GC. Additionally, ROC analysis demonstrated that ELANE was effective in distinguishing GC patients from normal controls (AUC = 0.812). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that ELANE was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and was closely related to age, tumor grade, and stage. The cell experiments further confirmed that the high expression of ELANE in gastric cancer cells was associated with pyroptosis. Comprehensive analysis indicated that ELANE could be used as a potential prognostic marker for GC and plays an important role in pyroptosis.
UNASSIGNED: High ELANE expression is related to poor survival and prognosis of patients with GC. It participates in pyroptosis and immune infiltration in GC. Therefore, ELANE is a promising prognostic biomarker for pyroptosis in GC.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is acknowledged as a disease continuum. Despite catheter ablation being recommended as a primary therapy for AF, the high recurrence rates have tempered the initial enthusiasm. Insulin resistance (IR) has been established as an independent predictor for the onset of AF. However, the correlation between non-insulin-based IR indices and late AF recurrence in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation remains unknown.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 910 AF patients who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation was included in the analysis. The primary endpoint was late AF recurrence during the follow-up period after a defined blank period. The relationship between non-insulin-based IR indices and the primary endpoint was assessed using multivariate Cox hazards regression models and restricted cubic splines (RCS). Additionally, the net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement index were calculated to further evaluate the additional predictive value of the four IR indices beyond established risk factors for the primary outcome.
RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 12.00 months, 189 patients (20.77%) experienced late AF recurrence, which was more prevalent among patients with higher levels of IR. The multivariate Cox hazards regression analysis revealed a significant association between these IR indices and late AF recurrence. Among the four indices, METS-IR provided the most significant incremental effect on the basic model for predicting late AF recurrence. Multivariable-adjusted RCS curves illustrated a nonlinear correlation between METS-IR and late AF recurrence. In subgroup analysis, METS-IR exhibited a significant correlation with late AF recurrence in patients with diabetes mellitus (HR: 1.697, 95% CI 1.397 - 2.063, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: All the four non-insulin-based IR indices were significantly associated with late AF recurrence in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation. Addressing IR could potentially serve as a viable strategy for reducing the late AF recurrence rate.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported that patients with depression have significant cognitive impairment. The aim of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the impairment of executive functions in patients with depression and whether the cognitive behavior performance of executive function is association with remission of depressive state after clinical treatment.
METHODS: We used cognitive-behavioral test to evaluate the performance of executive functions of 95 inpatients with depression before hospitalization and conducted two follow-up evaluations of their depression status on the 15th day of hospitalization and approximately 9 months after discharge.
RESULTS: The performance of executive function except the accuracy of inhibition control in patients with depression were significantly worse than that of healthy controls. Multivariate linear regression analysis found that the reaction time of working memory not only had a significant linear relationship with the baseline depression scores of patients with depression, but also had a significant linear relationship with the reduced depression scores after two follow-up visits.
CONCLUSIONS: We only used cognitive-behavioral data as indicators to evaluate the cognitive performances of participants and only measured three components of executive function.
CONCLUSIONS: The reaction time of working memory was a stable and effective predictor of symptom relief in patients with depression after clinical treatment. These results provide initial evidence for working memory to predict the clinical prognosis of inpatients with depression prospectively, which could be further leveraged to improve intervention approaches and analyze the heterogeneity of depression.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) occurs due to the evolution, virulence, and adaptation of Leishmania, vector biology, host immune system evasion, and reservoir hosts. Parasitemia can be involved as a warning regarding the clinical severity of VL The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between parasitemia and the prognosis of individuals with VL. Blood and bone marrow samples from individuals with VL were analyzed to identify parasite and quantify or measure parasite burden. Individuals were classified in the clinical score model of risk of death by disease proposed by Coura-Vital et al. (PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(12): e33742014, 2014). 39/74 individuals presented a better prognosis, and 35/74 individuals presented a worse prognosis. HIV + VL co-infection was present in 32 individuals, of which 12 were considered severe. The group aged 51 to 64 was classified as severe, with a decrease in leukocytes (p-value 0.0295) and neutrophils (p-value 0.0476). L. infantum DNA was identified in blood and bone marrow, in 69 individuals, and not detected in 5 individuals. The quantification of the parasite showed greater parasitemia in bone marrow (P = 0.0003) with an average of 4.70 × 104 Leishmanias/mL about blood, with 0.29 × 104 Leishmanias/mL. Individuals in the age group aged 51 to 64 co-infected with HIV + VL had higher parasitemia (p-value 0.0150) with 2.44 × 104 Leishmanias/mL in blood and bone marrow than in the group aged 20 to 50. Parasitemia, measured by molecular biology in blood and bone marrow, was related to the worst clinical prognosis of VL in the age group aged 51 to 64.

UNASSIGNED: Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC) is a malignant tumor that seriously threatens human health. Rho GTPase-activating protein 4 (ARHGAP4) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors.
UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to explore the role of ARHGAP4 in the progression of KIRC and its diagnostic and prognostic value.
UNASSIGNED: Multiple analytical methods and in vitro cell assays were used to explore the expression of ARHGAP4 and its value in the progression, diagnosis and prognosis of KIRC. The biological function of ARHGAP4 was studied by GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis, and then the relationship between ARHGAP4 and immune infiltration was analyzed.
UNASSIGNED: The expression of ARHGAP4 was significantly up-regulated in KIRC. We found that the high expression of ARHGAP4 was related to the progression of KIRC and suggested a poor prognosis. Compared with normal tissues, ARHGAP4 had a better diagnostic value in KIRC. The biological function of ARHGAP4 was related to immunity, and its expression was also closely related to tumor immune infiltration and immune checkpoints.
UNASSIGNED: Our study demonstrated that ARHGAP4 may be a biomarker, which is related to the progression, diagnosis and prognosis of KIRC. Its biological functions are related to tumor immune infiltration.

The association between symptom interpretation and prognosis has not been investigated well among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). As such, the present study evaluated the effect of heart disease awareness among patients with ACS on in-hospital mortality.
We performed a post hoc analysis of 1,979 consecutive patients with ASC with confirmed symptom interpretation on admission between 2014 and 2018, focusing on patient characteristics, recanalization time, and clinical outcomes. Upon admission, 1,264 patients interpreted their condition as cardiac disease, whereas 715 did not interpret their condition as cardiac disease. Although no significant difference was observed in door-to-balloon time between the 2 groups, onset-to-balloon time was significantly shorter among those who interpreted their condition as cardiac disease (254 vs. 345 min; P<0.001). Moreover, the hazard ratio (HR) for in-hospital mortality was significantly higher among those who did not interpret their condition as cardiac disease based on the Cox regression model adjusted for established risk factors (HR 1.73; 95% confidence interval 1.08-2.76; P=0.022).
This study demonstrated that prehospital symptom interpretation was significantly associated with in-hospital clinical outcomes among patients with ACS. Moreover, the observed differences in clinical prognosis were not related to door-to-balloon time, but may be related to onset-to-balloon time.

BACKGROUND: This paper attempted to clarify the role and mechanism of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 72 homolog (VPS72) in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa).
METHODS: Clinical information and gene expression profiles of patients with prostate cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). VPS72 expression in PCa and the potential mechanism by which VPS72 affects PCa progression was investigated. Next, we performed COX regression analysis to identify the independent prognostic factors of PCa, and constructed a nomogram. The sensitivity of chemotherapeutic medications was anticipated using \"pRRophetic\". Subsequently, in vitro assays to validate the effect of VPS72 on PCa cell proliferation, migration and susceptibility to anti-androgen therapy.
RESULTS: The expression of VPS72 was considerably higher in PCa tissues compared to normal tissues. Significant correlations were found between high VPS72 expression and a poor prognosis and adverse clinicopathological factors. The nomogram model constructed based on VPS72 expression has good predictive performance. According to GSEA, VPS72-related genes were enriched in the NF-kB pathways, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signaling pathway in PCa. Although PCa with low VPS72 expression was more adaptable to chemotherapeutic medications, our in vitro experiment showed that VPS72 knockdown significantly decreased the PCa cell migration, proliferation, and resistance to anti-androgen therapy.
CONCLUSIONS: In summary our findings suggests that VPS72 could play a crucial role in the malignant progression of PCa, and its expression level can be employed as a possible biomarker of PCa prognosis.

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), an apical DNA damage response gene, is a commonly mutated gene in tumors, and its mutation could strengthen tumor immunogenicity and alter the expression of PD-L1, which potentially contributes to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy.
The characteristics of ATM mutation and its relationship with the ICIs-treated clinical prognosis have been analyzed comprehensively in this paper. The overall frequency of ATM mutations has been found to be 4% (554/10953) in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) cohort.
Both the TMB and MSI levels in patients with ATM mutations were significantly higher than those in patients without mutations (P < 0.0001). The median TMB was positively correlated with the frequency of ATM mutations (r = 0.54, P = 0.003). In the TCGA cohort, patients with ATM mutations had better clinical benefits in terms of overall survival (OS, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.736, 95% CI = 0.623 - 0.869), progression-free survival (PFS, HR = 0.761, 95% CI = 0.652 - 0.889), and disease-free survival (DFS, HR = 0.686, 95% CI = 0.512 - 0.919)] than patients without ATM mutations. Subsequently, the verification results showed ATM mutations to be significantly correlated with longer OS in ICIs-treated patients (HR = 0.710, 95% CI = 0.544 - 0.928). Further exploration indicated ATM mutation to be significantly associated with regulated anti-tumor immunity (P < 0.05).
Our findings highlight the value of ATM mutation as a promising biomarker to predict ICIs therapy in multiple tumors.

The key to treating Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) is to rapidly reopen occluded blood vessels, restore blood flow, and rescue the ischemic penumbra. Treatment methods mainly include thrombolysis, endovascular intervention, etc. However, these treatments are limited by strict time windows and technical conditions. Simpler and more feasible methods to improve cerebral blood flow are currently a hot topic in clinical research. In recent years, several studies have shown that changes in body position can effectively improve cerebral blood flow in patients. However, the effect on the neurological functional prognosis of AIS remains inconclusive. This review has examined the effects of changes in body position on the clinical prognosis of AIS, combining relevant guidelines and the latest research. The study has provided evidence of an improvement in the clinical prognosis of AIS.

The comorbidity with anxiety disorders has profound adverse implications on the evolution, prognosis and therapeutic responsiveness of depression, it will prolong the time required to achieve remission of the depressive episode, and patients under treatment will tend to drop out of their therapeutic regimens faster than those with depression but without anxious comorbidity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the importance of the clinical, etiopathogenetic, prognostic and especially therapeutic connotations given by the presence of psychiatric comorbidities in depression. Articles evaluating the presence of psychiatric comorbidities in depression were analyzed using PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Google Academics and WoS databases. To select the articles, we used keywords: psychiatric comorbidity, depression with anxiety disorders, depression with dysthymia, depression with psychoactive substances, depression with personality disorders. From a psychiatric perspective, the comorbidity of mental disorders can be divided into psychiatric comorbidity, when two or more distinct psychiatric conditions are present in the same individual, and medical comorbidity, when a medical-surgical illness is associated with a mental disorder. The presence of major depression is in itself a predictive factor for a later onset of generalized anxiety disorder. The comorbidity of depression in those with substance abuse or addiction has profound implications on their clinical prognosis. The association of personality disorder has a significant impact on the suicidal behavior of patients with major depression.