自然环境经常被长链烃等疏水性污染物污染,石化产品,漏油,杀虫剂,和重金属。具有毒性的疏水性污染物,缓慢的降解率,低溶解度对环境和人类健康构成严重威胁。已经发现基于常规化学表面活性剂的去污是有毒的,从而限制了其在制药和化妆品工业中的应用。相比之下,由各种微生物物种合成的生物表面活性剂由于其无毒和经济的性质而被认为优于化学对应物。一些生物表面活性剂可以承受温度和pH的宽范围波动。最近,生物表面活性剂已经成为创新的生物分子,不仅用于增溶,而且还用于环境污染物如重金属的生物降解,杀虫剂,石油碳氢化合物,和漏油。生物表面活性剂已被充分证明可以作为乳化剂,分散稳定剂,和润湿剂。生物表面活性剂的两亲性质具有通过在两个不混溶表面中分布后降低界面表面张力来增强疏水性污染物如石油烃和溢油的溶解度的潜力。然而,使用生物表面活性剂对污染物的修复受温度的影响很大,pH值,媒体组成,搅拌速率,和选择用于生物表面活性剂生产的微生物。本综述简要讨论了微生物合成生物表面活性剂的最新进展,影响生产的因素,及其在修复疏水性环境污染物中的应用。此外,从废物产生生物表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂生产的全球经济方面讨论了循环生物经济的最新方面。
The natural environment is often contaminated with hydrophobic pollutants such as long-chain hydrocarbons, petrochemicals, oil spills, pesticides, and heavy metals. Hydrophobic pollutants with a toxic nature, slow degradation rates, and low solubility pose serious threats to the environment and human health. Decontamination based on conventional chemical surfactants has been found to be toxic, thereby limiting its application in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In contrast, biosurfactants synthesized by various microbial species have been considered superior to chemical counterparts due to their non-toxic and economical nature. Some biosurfactants can withstand a wide range of fluctuations in temperature and pH. Recently, biosurfactants have emerged as innovative biomolecules not only for solubilization but also for the biodegradation of environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, and oil spills. Biosurfactants have been well documented to function as emulsifiers, dispersion stabilizers, and wetting agents. The amphiphilic nature of biosurfactants has the potential to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons and oil spills by reducing interfacial surface tension after distribution in two immiscible surfaces. However, the remediation of contaminants using biosurfactants is affected considerably by temperature, pH, media composition, stirring rate, and microorganisms selected for biosurfactant production. The present review has briefly discussed the current advancements in microbially synthesized biosurfactants, factors affecting production, and their application in the remediation of environmental contaminants of a hydrophobic nature. In addition, the latest aspect of the circular bioeconomy is discussed in terms of generating biosurfactants from waste and the global economic aspects of biosurfactant production.