阿尔茨海默病(AD)是老年人群(年龄>65岁)中进展最严重和最普遍的神经退行性疾病之一,被认为是痴呆的主要因素。影响全球5500万人。在当前场景中,基于药物的疗法已被用于治疗阿尔茨海默病,但只能为患者提供症状缓解,而不是阿尔茨海默病的永久解决方案。干细胞研究的最新进展为开发有效和高度潜在的治疗方法开辟了新的视野,因为它们具有自我更新能力。自我复制,再生,和高差异化能力。干细胞有多个谱系,比如胚胎,神经,和诱导多能性,在其他人中。在不同种类的干细胞中,间充质干细胞是最研究的阿尔茨海默病治疗由于其多能的性质,低免疫原性,穿透血脑屏障的能力,和低的肿瘤发生风险,免疫和炎症调制,等。它们被认为大大促进了神经发生,通过分泌神经营养生长因子,以及改善Aβ和tau介导的毒性。这篇综述涵盖了AD的病理生理学,新药,和治疗。Further,它将专注于间充质干细胞疗法的进步和益处,他们的管理方法,关于AD进展的临床试验,以及他们未来的前景。
Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) is one of the most progressive and prevalent types of neurodegenerative diseases in the aging population (aged >65 years) and is considered a major factor for dementia, affecting 55 million people worldwide. In the current scenario, drug-based therapies have been employed for the treatment of Alzheimer\'s disease but are only able to provide symptomatic relief to patients rather than a permanent solution from Alzheimer\'s. Recent advancements in stem cell research unlock new horizons for developing effective and highly potential therapeutic approaches due to their self-renewal, self-replicating, regenerative, and high differentiation capabilities. Stem cells come in multiple lineages such as embryonic, neural, and induced pluripotent, among others. Among different kinds of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells are the most investigated for Alzheimer\'s treatment due to their multipotent nature, low immunogenicity, ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and low risk of tumorigenesis, immune & inflammatory modulation, etc. They have been seen to substantially promote neurogenesis, synaptogenesis by secreting neurotrophic growth factors, as well as in ameliorating the Aβ and tau-mediated toxicity. This review covers the pathophysiology of AD, new medications, and therapies. Further, it will focus on the advancements and benefits of Mesenchymal Stem Cell therapies, their administration methods, clinical trials concerning AD progression, along with their future prospective.