鲤鱼病毒春季病毒血症(SVCV)是一种横纹肌病毒,主要感染鲤鱼,并导致世界动物卫生组织报告的疾病。两栖动物,它们在淡水生态系统中与塞浦路斯共生,被认为是弹状病毒的非许可宿主。通过测试西北太平洋本地两栖动物的易感性,评估了SVCV在非典型宿主物种中的潜在宿主范围扩展。幼虫长趾salAmbystoma巨大的actylum和太平洋树蛙Pseudacrisregillat暴露于基因型Ia的SVCV菌株,Ib,Ic,或通过腹膜内注射,沉浸,或与病毒感染的鲤鱼鱼同居。注射SVCV的sal的累积死亡率为100%,通过浸没暴露于病毒的t的98-100%,与SVCV感染的锦鲤同居的t为0-100%。许多死亡的动物表现出疾病的临床症状和SVCVRNA是通过原位杂交在浸没暴露的t的组织切片中发现的,特别是在胃肠道和肝脏的细胞中。在两种两栖动物物种中,无论病毒暴露方法如何,都可以通过噬斑测定和RT-qPCR测试检测到SVCV,并且在初次暴露后28天内检测到有活力的病毒。从与SVCV感染的锦葵同居的幼稚t中恢复感染性病毒,进一步证明了SVCV传播可以发生在几类放热脊椎动物之间。总的来说,这些结果表明,SVCV,一种鱼弹状病毒,可以传播给两种两栖动物并引起致命疾病。因此,所有五个主要脊椎动物群体的成员(哺乳动物,鸟,爬行动物,鱼,和两栖动物)似乎容易感染弹状病毒。未来的研究将研究国内外两栖动物和鱼类之间水生弹状病毒的潜在溢出和溢出感染,这将为驱动新型类间病毒传播事件的压力源提供见解。
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a rhabdovirus that primarily infects cyprinid finfishes and causes a disease notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health. Amphibians, which are sympatric with cyprinids in freshwater ecosystems, are considered non-permissive hosts of rhabdoviruses. The potential host range expansion of SVCV in an atypical host species was evaluated by testing the susceptibility of amphibians native to the Pacific Northwest. Larval long-toed salamanders Ambystoma macrodactylum and Pacific tree frog Pseudacris regilla tadpoles were exposed to SVCV strains from genotypes Ia, Ib, Ic, or Id by either intraperitoneal injection, immersion, or cohabitation with virus-infected koi Cyprinus rubrofuscus. Cumulative mortality was 100% for salamanders injected with SVCV, 98-100% for tadpoles exposed to virus via immersion, and 0-100% for tadpoles cohabited with SVCV-infected koi. Many of the animals that died exhibited clinical signs of disease and SVCV RNA was found by in situ hybridization in tissue sections of immersion-exposed tadpoles, particularly in the cells of the gastrointestinal tract and liver. SVCV was also detected by plaque assay and RT-qPCR testing in both
amphibian species regardless of the virus exposure method, and viable virus was detected up to 28 days after initial exposure. Recovery of infectious virus from naïve tadpoles cohabited with SVCV-infected koi further demonstrated that SVCV transmission can occur between classes of ectothermic vertebrates. Collectively, these results indicated that SVCV, a fish rhabdovirus, can be transmitted to and cause lethal disease in two
amphibian species. Therefore, members of all five of the major vertebrate groups (mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, and amphibians) appear to be vulnerable to rhabdovirus infections. Future research studying potential spillover and spillback infections of aquatic rhabdoviruses between foreign and domestic
amphibian and fish species will provide insights into the stressors driving novel interclass virus transmission events.