水通道蛋白(AQP)是完整的膜蛋白,存在于从细菌到人的所有生物体中。AQPs主要参与水的跨膜扩散以及各种小溶质以双向方式广泛分布在人体各种组织中。人类含有13个AQP(AQP0-AQP12),分为三个子类,即正统水通道蛋白(AQP0、1、2、4、5、6和8),基于其孔选择性的水通道蛋白(AQP3,7、9和10)和超级或非正统水通道蛋白(AQP11和12)。人类AQP功能多样,涉及包括癌症在内的各种非传染性疾病,肾功能不全,神经紊乱,癫痫,皮肤病,代谢综合征,甚至是心脏疾病。然而,AQPs与感染性疾病的相关性尚未得到充分评估.一些研究揭示了AQP可以通过微生物和寄生虫感染来调节,这表明它们参与了微生物的发病机理。炎症相关反应和AQP介导的细胞水稳态。这篇综述主要旨在阐明AQPs在感染性和非感染性疾病中的参与以及潜在的AQPs靶标调节剂。此外,AQP结构,组织特异性分布及其生理相关性,已经讨论了功能多样性和法规。总之,这篇综述将有助于进一步研究AQPs作为感染性和非感染性疾病的潜在治疗靶点.
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins and found in all living organisms from bacteria to human. AQPs mainly involved in the transmembrane diffusion of water as well as various small solutes in a bidirectional manner are widely distributed in various human tissues. Human contains 13 AQPs (AQP0-AQP12) which are divided into three sub-classes namely orthodox aquaporin (AQP0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8), aquaglyceroporin (AQP3, 7, 9, and 10) and super or unorthodox aquaporin (AQP11 and 12) based on their pore selectivity. Human AQPs are functionally diverse, which are involved in wide variety of non-infectious diseases including cancer, renal dysfunction, neurological disorder, epilepsy, skin disease, metabolic syndrome, and even cardiac diseases. However, the association of AQPs with infectious diseases has not been fully evaluated. Several studies have unveiled that AQPs can be regulated by microbial and parasitic infections that suggest their involvement in microbial pathogenesis, inflammation-associated responses and AQP-mediated cell water homeostasis. This review mainly aims to shed light on the involvement of AQPs in infectious and non-infectious diseases and potential AQPs-target modulators. Furthermore, AQP structures, tissue-specific distributions and their physiological relevance, functional diversity and regulations have been discussed. Altogether, this review would be useful for further investigation of AQPs as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of infectious as well as non-infectious diseases.