目的:等距训练和预激活被证明可以增强加速性能。然而,传统的力量训练练习不能反映臀肌的特定加速度激活模式,其特征是在对侧髋关节屈曲期间同侧髋关节伸展。因此,该研究的目的是确定与传统力量训练相比,特定加速度训练的臀肌活动。
方法:在横断面研究设计中,研究了两种特定于加速度的运动的峰值肌电图活动,并将其与两种传统的力量训练运动进行了比较。来自不同运动背景的24名参与者(13名男性,11名女性,26年,178厘米,77公斤)进行了四个臀大肌[半跪臀压(HKGS),抵抗膝盖分裂(RKS),髋部推力(HT),分开的下蹲(SS)]和四个臀中[抵抗俯卧的髋关节外展(RPHA),等长蛤仔(IC),腿外展侧木板(SP),以随机顺序抵制侧步(RSS)]练习。
结果:RKS(p=0.011,d=0.96)和HKGS(p=0.064,d=0.68)比SS引起更高的臀大肌活性峰,具有较大和中等的影响,分别。HT之间无显著差异(p>0.05),RKS和HKGS。与RSS相比,RPHA引起的臀中肌活性明显更高(p<0.001,d=1.41),相对于SP具有中等作用(p=0.002,d=0.78)。
结论:特定于加速度的练习有效地激活了臀肌,以达到预激活和力量训练的目的,并且由于它们的直接协调转移,可能有助于改善水平加速度。
OBJECTIVE: Isometric training and pre-activation are proven to enhance acceleration performance. However, traditional strength training exercises do not mirror the acceleration-specific activation patterns of the gluteal muscles, characterized by ipsilateral hip extension during contralateral hip flexion. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine gluteal muscle activity of acceleration-specific exercises compared to traditional strength training exercises.
METHODS: In a cross-sectional study design, the peak electromyographic activity of two acceleration-specific exercises was investigated and compared to two traditional strength training exercises each for the gluteus maximus and medius. Twenty-four participants from various athletic backgrounds (13 males, 11 females, 26 years, 178 cm, 77 kg) performed four gluteus maximus [half-kneeling glute squeeze (HKGS), resisted knee split (RKS), hip thrust (HT), split squat (SS)] and four gluteus medius [resisted prone hip abduction (RPHA), isometric clam (IC), side-plank with leg abduction (SP), resisted side-stepping (RSS)] exercises in a randomized order.
RESULTS: The RKS (p = 0.011, d = 0.96) and the HKGS (p = 0.064, d = 0.68) elicited higher peak gluteus maximus activity than the SS with large and moderate effects, respectively. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between the HT, RKS and HKGS. The RPHA elicited significantly higher gluteus medius activity with a large effect compared to RSS (p < 0.001, d = 1.41) and a moderate effect relative to the SP (p = 0.002, d = 0.78).
CONCLUSIONS: The acceleration-specific exercises effectively activate the gluteal muscles for pre-activation and strength training purposes and might help improve horizontal acceleration due to their direct coordinative transfer.