纳米材料在医学中的使用为解决神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病提供了多种机会。这些疾病是社会和卫生系统的重大负担,影响全球数百万人,而没有敏感和选择性的诊断方法或有效的治疗方法来阻止他们的进展。在这个意义上,使用金纳米粒子是一个有前途的工具,由于其独特的性质在纳米水平。它们可以用特定分子功能化,以选择性地靶向病理蛋白,如Tau和α-突触核蛋白,用于阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病,分别。此外,这些蛋白质被用作诊断生物标志物,其中金纳米粒子在增强其信号中起关键作用,即使在血液或脑脊液等生物样品中存在的低浓度,从而实现早期和准确的诊断。另一方面,金纳米颗粒作为药物输送平台,将治疗剂直接带入大脑,提高治疗效率和精度,减少健康组织的副作用。然而,尽管金纳米粒子具有令人兴奋的潜力,在将其广泛应用于临床环境之前,解决与它们在医学领域使用相关的挑战和问题至关重要。确保这些纳米材料在中枢神经系统中的安全性和生物相容性至关重要。因此,需要严格的临床前和临床研究来评估这些策略在患者中的疗效和可行性.由于关于它们在这种情况下的使用的文献很少,有时甚至是相互矛盾的,这篇综述的主要目的是讨论和分析与交付相关的金纳米粒子的最新技术,诊断,治疗老年痴呆症和帕金森氏病,以及最近关于它们在临床前使用的研究,临床,和新兴的研究领域。
The use of nanomaterials in medicine offers multiple opportunities to address neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer\'s and Parkinson\'s disease. These diseases are a significant burden for society and the health system, affecting millions of people worldwide without sensitive and selective diagnostic methodologies or effective treatments to stop their progression. In this sense, the use of gold nanoparticles is a promising tool due to their unique properties at the nanometric level. They can be functionalized with specific molecules to selectively target pathological proteins such as Tau and α-synuclein for Alzheimer\'s and Parkinson\'s disease, respectively. Additionally, these proteins are used as diagnostic biomarkers, wherein gold nanoparticles play a key role in enhancing their signal, even at the low concentrations present in biological samples such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid, thus enabling an early and accurate diagnosis. On the other hand, gold nanoparticles act as drug delivery platforms, bringing therapeutic agents directly into the brain, improving treatment efficiency and precision, and reducing side effects in healthy tissues. However, despite the exciting potential of gold nanoparticles, it is crucial to address the challenges and issues associated with their use in the medical field before they can be widely applied in clinical settings. It is critical to ensure the safety and biocompatibility of these nanomaterials in the context of the central nervous system. Therefore, rigorous preclinical and clinical studies are needed to assess the efficacy and feasibility of these strategies in patients. Since there is scarce and sometimes contradictory literature about their use in this context, the main aim of this review is to discuss and analyze the current state-of-the-art of gold nanoparticles in relation to delivery, diagnosis, and therapy for Alzheimer\'s and Parkinson\'s disease, as well as recent research about their use in preclinical, clinical, and emerging research areas.