美国黑人和白人之间的健康结果差异是有据可查的,包括睡眠质量,睡眠的差异可能导致整个生命过程中的健康差异。元模型表明,认知过程可能是种族与睡眠质量差之间联系的基础,最终,健康差异。也就是说,有特定种族的压力因素不成比例地影响美国黑人,通过生物学与健康状况不佳有关,认知,和行为机制(例如,sleep).在这些特定种族的压力源中,有歧视,这与睡眠质量差有关,并且有大量的文献连接了坚持不懈的认知(例如,沉思和担忧或警惕)睡眠不佳。微侵略,一种更微妙但普遍的歧视形式,是另一个种族特有的压力源。尽管很少有研究考虑微攻击与坚持不懈的认知之间的联系,有一些研究将微侵袭与健康结果和睡眠联系起来。因此,使用横断面调查,我们测试了以下假设:与种族主义相关的警惕和沉思将调解歧视与睡眠不良之间的关系,以及美国黑人的微侵略与睡眠不良之间的关系(N=223;平均年龄=35.77岁,53.8%的男性,86%就业,66.8%拥有大专以上学历)。七个平行调解模型的结果表明,沉思和与种族主义相关的警惕性都没有介导歧视与睡眠质量差之间的关系。然而,在六个微攻击子量表与睡眠质量差之间的反思性部分介导的关系:对外国人/不属于有显着的间接影响(β=.13,SE=0.03,95%CI0.08,0.20),犯罪(β=.11,SE=0.03,95%CI0.05,0.17),性化(β=.10,SE=0.03,95%CI0.05,0.17),低实现/不良(β=.10,SE=0.03,95%CI0.05,0.15),不可见性(β=0.15,SE=0.04,95%CI0.08,0.23),和环境验证(β=.15,SE=0.04,95%CI0.08,0.23)。总的来说,这些发现表明对元模型的支持,证明了从种族微应激源到睡眠质量差的特定途径。此外,这些结果表明,开发临床和社区方法以解决微攻击对美国黑人睡眠质量的影响的重要性.
Disparities in health outcomes between Black and White Americans are well-documented, including sleep quality, and disparities in sleep may lead to disparities in health over the life course. A meta-model indicates that cognitive processes may underly the connection between race and poor sleep quality, and ultimately, health disparities. That is, there are race-specific stressors that disproportionately affect Black Americans, which are associated with poor health through biological, cognitive, and behavioral mechanisms (e.g., sleep). Among these race-specific stressors is discrimination, which has been linked to poor sleep quality, and there is a body of literature connecting perseverative cognition (e.g., rumination and worry or vigilance) to poor sleep.
Microaggressions, a more subtle but pervasive form of discrimination, are another race-specific stressor. Although less research has considered the connection of
microaggressions to perseverative cognition, there are some studies linking
microaggressions to health outcomes and sleep. Therefore, using a cross-sectional survey, we tested the following hypotheses: racism-related vigilance and rumination would mediate the relationship between discrimination and poor sleep as well as between
microaggressions and poor sleep among Black Americans (N = 223; mean age = 35.77 years, 53.8% men, 86% employed, 66.8% with college degree or higher education). Results of seven parallel mediation models showed that neither rumination nor racism-related vigilance mediated a relationship between discrimination and poor sleep quality. However, rumination partially mediated relationships between the six microaggression sub-scales and poor sleep quality: there were significant indirect effects for Foreigner/Not Belonging (β = .13, SE = 0.03, 95% CI 0.08, 0.20), Criminality (β = .11, SE = 0.03, 95% CI 0.05, 0.17), Sexualization (β = .10, SE = 0.03, 95% CI 0.05, 0.17), Low-Achieving/Undesirable (β = .10, SE = 0.03, 95% CI 0.05, 0.15), Invisibility (β = .15, SE = 0.04, 95% CI 0.08, 0.23), and Environmental Invalidations (β = .15, SE = 0.04, 95% CI 0.08, 0.23). Overall, these findings indicate support for the meta-model, demonstrating a specific pathway from racial microstressors to poor sleep quality. Furthermore, these results suggest the importance of developing clinical and community approaches to address the impact of
microaggressions on Black Americans\' sleep quality.