本研究介绍了一种新的方法,利用机器学习技术来预测工程水泥基复合材料(ECCs)的关键力学性能,从典型到异常高强度水平。这些属性,包括抗压强度,抗弯强度,抗拉强度,和拉伸应变能力,不仅可以预测,而且可以精确估计。调查包括对来自相关研究的1532个数据集的细致汇编和检查。四种机器学习算法,线性回归(LR),K个最近邻(KNN),随机森林(RF),和极端梯度增强(XGB),建立ECC力学性能预测模型,确定最优模型。最佳模型用于使用SHapley加法扩张(SHAP)来仔细检查特征重要性并进行深入的参数分析。随后,针对ECC力学性能设计了综合控制策略。此策略可以为ECC设计提供可操作的指导,装备土木工程和材料科学的工程师和专业人士,在整个设计工作中做出明智的决定。结果表明,RF模型对抗压强度和抗折强度的预测精度最高。测试组上的R2值为0.92和0.91。XGB模型在预测抗拉强度和拉伸应变能力方面表现出色,测试集上的R2值为0.87和0.80,分别。拉伸应变能力的预测精度最低。同时,拉伸应变能力的MAE仅为0.84%,小于以前研究中测试结果的变异性(1.77%)。抗压强度和抗拉强度对水灰比(W)和减水剂(WR)的变化表现出很高的敏感性。相比之下,弯曲强度仅对W的变化表现出很高的敏感性。相反,拉伸应变能力对输入特征的敏感性是中等和一致的。ECC的机械属性来自多个正负特征的综合作用。值得注意的是,在所有特征中,WR对抗压强度的影响最大,而聚乙烯(PE)纤维成为影响弯曲强度的主要驱动力,抗拉强度,和拉伸应变能力。
The present study introduces a novel approach utilizing machine learning techniques to predict the crucial mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites (ECCs), spanning from typical to exceptionally high strength levels. These properties, including compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and tensile strain capacity, can not only be predicted but also precisely estimated. The investigation encompassed a meticulous compilation and examination of 1532 datasets sourced from pertinent research. Four machine learning algorithms, linear regression (LR), K nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB), were used to establish the prediction model of ECC mechanical properties and determine the optimal model. The optimal model was utilized to employ SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for scrutinizing feature importance and conducting an in-depth parametric analysis. Subsequently, a comprehensive control strategy was devised for ECC mechanical properties. This strategy can provide actionable guidance for ECC design, equipping engineers and professionals in civil engineering and material science to make informed decisions throughout their design endeavors. The results show that the RF model demonstrated the highest prediction accuracy for compressive strength and flexural strength, with R2 values of 0.92 and 0.91 on the test set. The XGB model outperformed in predicting tensile strength and tensile strain capacity, with R2 values of 0.87 and 0.80 on the test set, respectively. The prediction of tensile strain capacity was the least accurate. Meanwhile, the MAE of the tensile strain capacity was a mere 0.84%, smaller than the variability (1.77%) of the test results in previous research. Compressive strength and tensile strength demonstrated high sensitivity to variations in both water-cement ratio (W) and water reducer (WR). In contrast, flexural strength exhibited high sensitivity solely to changes in W. Conversely, the sensitivity of tensile strain capacity to input features was moderate and consistent. The mechanical attributes of ECC emerged from the combined effects of multiple positive and negative features. Notably, WR exerted the most significant influence on compressive strength among all features, whereas polyethylene (PE) fiber emerged as the primary driver affecting flexural strength, tensile strength, and tensile strain capacity.