背景:很难区分先前存在的特征是否以及如何影响产妇对逆境的反应:先前的幸福感是否会降低遇到压力经历的可能性?它是否可以防止逆境的负面影响?我们检查相对均匀经历的逆境(由于COVID-19经历)与先前存在的个体差异之间的相互作用(即大流行前)的痛苦预测了在一个报告COVID-19死亡率低的国家内,母亲的痛苦和不敏感的护理水平,和严格的全国性法规。
方法:51名新加坡母亲及其学龄前儿童提供了两波数据。大流行前产妇窘迫(即,心理困扰,焦虑,和育儿压力)是通过自我报告捕获的,母亲的敏感性是从视频中编码的。在大流行爆发后,重复了一些措施,以及关于感知到的COVID-19逆境的问卷(例如,COVID-19对照顾儿童的压力的影响,家务,工作要求,等。)和与大流行相关的客观经验(例如,收入,COVID-19诊断,等。).回归分析(SPSSv28)考虑了大流行前的孕产妇困扰,COVID-19压力,以及它们在大流行后产妇痛苦中的相互作用。用适当的协变量重新运行模型(例如,客观经验)观察到显著的发现时。为了排除替代模型,随访分析(过程模型)考虑了COVID-19应激是否介导了大流行发作前后的关联。涉及母体敏感性的模型遵循类似的数据分析计划。
结果:大流行前的产妇痛苦减轻了COVID-19感知的压力与产妇痛苦的大流行水平之间的关联(β=0.22,p<0.01),但未评估大流行的产妇敏感性。对于大流行前发病痛苦评分高于(β=0.30,p=0.05)的母亲,感知到的COVID-19压力显著导致大流行后产妇痛苦,但不低于(β=0.25,p=0.24),中位数。目的COVID-19逆境没有解释调查结果。事后分析并不建议通过COVID-19压力进行调解,从大流行前的孕产妇痛苦到大流行。
结论:预先存在的风险可能与随后对逆境的看法相互作用,从而影响幸福感。结合现有研究,这项小型研究表明,预防计划应侧重于管理并发心理健康,并可能强调加强筛查和积极应对计划对于进入高应激领域和/或生命阶段的人的重要性.
Distinguishing whether and how pre-existing characteristics impact maternal responses to adversity is difficult: Does prior well-being decrease the likelihood of encountering stressful experiences? Does it protect against adversity\'s negative effects? We examine whether the interaction between relatively uniformly experienced adversity (due to COVID-19 experience) and individual variation in pre-existing (i.e., pre-pandemic onset) distress predicted mothers\' pandemic levels of distress and insensitive caregiving within a country reporting low COVID-19 death rates, and strict nationwide regulations.
Fifty-one Singaporean mothers and their preschool-aged children provided data across two waves. Pre- pandemic onset maternal distress (i.e., psychological distress, anxiety, and parenting stress) was captured via self-reports and maternal sensitivity was coded from videos. Measures were repeated after the pandemic\'s onset along with questionnaires concerning perceived COVID-19 adversity (e.g., COVID-19\'s impact upon stress caring for children, housework, job demands, etc.) and pandemic-related objective experiences (e.g., income, COVID-19 diagnoses, etc.). Regression analyses (SPSS v28) considered pre-pandemic onset maternal distress, COVID-19 stress, and their interaction upon post-pandemic onset maternal distress. Models were re-run with appropriate covariates (e.g., objective experience) when significant findings were observed. To rule out alternative models, follow up analyses (PROCESS Model) considered whether COVID-19 stress mediated pre- and post-pandemic onset associations. Models involving maternal sensitivity followed a similar data analytic plan.
Pre-pandemic maternal distress moderated the association between COVID-19 perceived stress and pandemic levels of maternal distress (β = 0.22, p < 0.01) but not pandemic assessed maternal sensitivity. Perceived COVID-19 stress significantly contributed to post-pandemic onset maternal distress for mothers with pre-pandemic onset distress scores above (β = 0.30, p = 0.05), but not below (β = 0.25, p = 0.24), the median. Objective COVID-19 adversity did not account for findings. Post-hoc analyses did not suggest mediation via COVID-19 stress from pre-pandemic to pandemic maternal distress.
Pre-existing risk may interact with subsequent perceptions of adversity to impact well-being. In combination with existing research, this small study suggests prevention programs should focus upon managing concurrent mental health and may highlight the importance of enhanced screening and proactive coping programs for people entering high stress fields and/or phases of life.