约束实验对于准备长期的太空探索至关重要。为期180天的中国CELSS(受控生态生命支持系统)研究在其设计上是独一无二的,包括闭环系统和24小时40分钟,持续36天(第72-108天)的火星般的昼夜周期模拟。我们的目的是在四名健康志愿者(一名女性)中研究这种禁闭的生理和心理后果。CELSS平台由六个相互连接的模块组成,其中包括四个温室。生命支持系统是自动控制的。身体成分,流体隔室,代谢状态,心,大型船只,内皮功能,肌肉张力是用生物学研究的,功能,和/或形态学测量。通过行为学监测研究行为活动;通过问卷调查评估心理状态。体重下降了约2公斤,主要是由于瘦体重下降。血浆体积和体积调节激素大多稳定。颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)增加10-15%。内皮依赖性血管舒张功能降低。按摩师的音调增加了6-14%,表明压力,而椎旁肌张力减少了10±6%。反映全球活动的行为流量在第一个月后下降了1.5到2倍。心理问卷显示,敌意和负面情绪减少,但情绪适应增加,表明无聊和单调。一个科目明显不同,健康状况较低,更高水平的压力和焦虑,和躯体症状如背痛,咬肌音调的峰值,增加血液皮质醇和C反应蛋白。CELSS实验与Mars500禁闭计划的比较表明,需要采取对策来防止IMT增加和内皮功能失调。温室中的日常活动可以作为对抗心理生理失调的对策。
Confinement experiments are essential to prepare long-term space exploration. The 180-day Chinese CELSS (Controlled Ecological Life Support System) study is unique in its design, including a closed-loop system and mid-mission simulation of Mars-like day-night cycle of 24 h 40 min for 36 days (days 72-108). Our aim was to study physiological and psychological consequences of this confinement in four healthy volunteers (one female). CELSS platform consisted of six interconnected modules including four greenhouses. Life support systems were controlled automatically. Body composition, fluid compartments, metabolic state, heart, large vessels, endothelial function, and muscle tone were studied using biological, functional, and/or morphological measurements. Behavioral activities were studied by ethological monitoring; psychological state was assessed by questionnaires. Body weight decreased by ∼2 kg mostly due to lean mass loss. Plasma volume and volume-regulating hormones were mostly stable. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) increased by 10-15%. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation decreased. Masseter tone increased by 6-14% suggesting stress, whereas paravertebral muscle tone diminished by 10 ± 6%. Behavioral flow reflecting global activity decreased 1.5- to 2-fold after the first month. Psychological questionnaires revealed decrease in hostility and negative emotions but increase in emotional adaptation suggesting boredom and monotony. One subject was clearly different with lower fitness, higher levels of stress and anxiety, and somatic signs as back pain, peak in masseter tone, increased blood cortisol and C-reactive protein. Comparison of CELSS experiment with Mars500 confinement program suggests the need for countermeasures to prevent increased IMT and endothelial deconditioning. Daily activity in greenhouse could act as countermeasure against psycho-physiological deconditioning.