乳腺炎(MAS),子宫内膜炎(MET),和酮症(KET)是奶牛中普遍存在的疾病,会给奶牛养殖业带来巨大的经济损失。这项研究收集了来自中国中部13个荷斯坦奶牛养殖场的26,014个奶牛健康和疾病记录和99,102个繁殖数据;来自56,640个牛奶样品的牛奶蛋白和牛奶脂肪含量,获得了37836头奶牛的家谱数据。采用logistic回归方法分析MAS患病率的变化,MET,和KET之间的各种奇偶校验;混合线性模型用于检查三种疾病对牛奶产量的影响,牛奶质量,和生殖特征。DMU软件(5.2版)结合单性状和双性状动物模型使用了DMUAI模块,以及最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP),估计这三种疾病的遗传参数,牛奶生产,牛奶质量,和奶牛的繁殖特性。调查的主要结果包括:(1)MAS的患病率,MET,奶牛场的KET占20.04%,10.68%,和7.33%,分别。(2)MAS和MET对牛奶产量有显著影响(p<0.01),导致305天牛奶产量(305天MY)显著下降112公斤和372公斤,4千克和12千克305-d蛋白质产量(305-dPY),305-d脂肪产量(305-dFY)为6公斤和16公斤。由于他们过多的305-dMY,一些奶牛因葡萄糖代谢紊乱而被诊断为KET。含KET的奶牛的305-dMY明显高于健康奶牛(205公斤,p<0.01)。(3)所有三种疾病都导致从产卵到首次服务的间隔增加(CTFS,0.60-1.50d),从首次服务到概念的间隔(FSTC,0.20-16.20d),CalvingInterval(CI,4.00-7.00d),和服务数量(NUMS,0.07-0.35)。(4)MAS奶牛的遗传力,MET,KET被发现很低,值分别为0.09、0.01和0.02。这些性状之间的遗传相关性范围为0.14至0.44。这项研究为预防和控制这三种疾病提供了宝贵的见解,以及饲养管理和遗传育种。
Mastitis (MAS), endometritis (MET), and ketosis (KET) are prevalent diseases in dairy cows that result in substantial economic losses for the dairy farming industry. This study gathered 26,014 records of the health and sickness of dairy cows and 99,102 data of reproduction from 13 Holstein dairy farms in Central China; the milk protein and milk fat content from 56,640 milk samples, as well as the pedigree data of 37,836 dairy cows were obtained. The logistic regression method was used to analyze the variations in the prevalence rates of MAS, MET, and KET among various parities; the mixed linear model was used to examine the effects of the three diseases on milk production, milk quality, and reproductive traits. DMU software (version 5.2) utilized the DMUAI module in conjunction with the single-trait and two-trait animal model, as well as best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), to estimate the genetic parameters for the three diseases, milk production, milk quality, and reproductive traits in dairy cows. The primary findings of the investigation comprised the following: (1) The prevalence rates of MAS, MET, and KET in dairy farms were 20.04%, 10.68%, and 7.33%, respectively. (2) MAS and MET had a substantial impact (p < 0.01) on milk production, resulting in significant decreases of 112 kg and 372 kg in 305-d Milk Yield (305-d MY), 4 kg and 12 kg in 305-d Protein Yield (305-d PY), and 6 kg and 16 kg in 305-d Fat Yield (305-d FY). As a result of their excessive 305-d MY, some cows were diagnosed with KET due to glucose metabolism disorder. The 305-d MY of cows with KET was significantly higher than that of healthy cows (205 kg, p < 0.01). (3) All three diseases resulted in an increase in the Interval from Calving to First Service (CTFS, 0.60-1.50 d), Interval from First Service to Conception (FSTC, 0.20-16.20 d), Calving Interval (CI, 4.00-7.00 d), and Number of Services (NUMS, 0.07-0.35). (4) The heritabilities of cows with MAS, MET, and KET were found to be low, with values of 0.09, 0.01, and 0.02, respectively. The genetic correlation between these traits ranged from 0.14 to 0.44. This study offers valuable insights on the prevention and control of the three diseases, as well as feeding management and genetic breeding.