■脑力在调节认知中起着至关重要的作用。然而,注意缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)患者的精神努力体验可能有所不同,持续的精神努力“回避”或“不喜欢”是DSM的标准。我们进行了范围审查,以描述有关ADHD努力经验的文献。
■本系统范围审查遵循了系统审查和荟萃分析(PRISMA)扩展的首选报告项目,用于范围审查和JoannaBriggs方法。PsycINFO(OVID),搜索了PsycINFO(ProQuest)和PubMed在2023年2月14日之前以英文发表的研究。研究必须包括ADHD人群或ADHD症状学的测量,除了自我报告测量的努力经验或使用努力偏好范式。两名研究人员回顾了所有摘要,一位研究人员回顾了全文文章。
■只有12项研究符合纳入标准。在方法方面,确定了研究中的几个差距和不一致之处,努力的定义,多动症的测量,和样本特征。此外,努力经验的结果模式喜忧参半。
■尽管具有诊断和概念意义,注意力缺陷多动症的心理努力经验没有得到很好的研究。在现有文献中发现了严重的差距。特别提出了努力的三个方面的概念化,任务引发的努力,自愿付出努力,以及与参与努力相关的影响-指导未来探索多动症的努力经验。
UNASSIGNED: Mental
effort plays a critical role in regulating cognition. However, the experience of mental effort may differ for individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a disorder for which sustained mental effort \'avoidance\' or \'dislike\' is a criterion in the DSM. We conducted a scoping review to characterize the literature on the experiences of effort in ADHD.
UNASSIGNED: This systematic scoping review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews and Joanna Briggs Methodology. PsycINFO (OVID), PsycINFO (ProQuest) and PubMed were searched for studies published in English before February 14, 2023. Studies must have included an ADHD population or a measure of ADHD symptomatology, in addition to a self-report measure of the experience of effort or the use of an
effort preference paradigm. Two researchers reviewed all abstracts, and one researcher reviewed full-text articles.
UNASSIGNED: Only 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Several gaps and inconsistencies in the research were identified in terms of method, definitions of effort, measurements of ADHD, and sample characteristics. Moreover, the pattern of results on the experience of effort was mixed.
UNASSIGNED: Despite its diagnostic and conceptual significance, the experience of mental effort in ADHD is not well studied. Critical gaps were identified in the existing literature. A three-facet conceptualization of
effort is proposed-specifically, task-elicited
effort, volitionally exerted
effort, and the affect associated with engaging in
effort - to guide future explorations of the experience of
effort in ADHD.