黄芩苷是从黄芩干燥根中获得的黄酮苷,属于唇形科。越来越多的证据表明黄芩苷对心血管疾病具有良好的治疗作用。以前的研究已经揭示了黄芩苷对动脉粥样硬化的治疗作用,心肌缺血/再灌注损伤,高血压,和通过抗炎引起的心力衰竭,抗氧化剂,和脂质代谢机制。近年来,一些与黄芩苷有关的新观点,已经提出了凝血和纤溶系统,在理解黄芩苷保护心肌细胞的机制方面取得了新的进展。然而,许多相关的潜在机制仍然无法解释,缺乏大量的实验数据。因此,需要进一步的研究来确定这些机制。在这次审查中,我们总结了黄芩苷的作用机制,其中包括抗炎和抗氧化作用;抑制内皮细胞凋亡;调节先天免疫;抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖,迁移,和收缩;调节凝血和纤溶系统;抑制心肌肥大;预防心肌纤维化;以及对心肌细胞的抗凋亡作用。
Baicalin is a flavonoid glycoside obtained from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which belongs to the Labiatae family. Accumulating evidence indicates that baicalin has favorable therapeutic effects on cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have revealed the therapeutic effects of baicalin on atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, hypertension, and heart failure through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid metabolism mechanisms. In recent years, some new ideas related to baicalin in ferroptosis, coagulation and fibrinolytic systems have been proposed, and new progress has been made in understanding the mechanism by which baicalin protects cardiomyocytes. However, many relevant underlying mechanisms remain unexplained, and much experimental data is lacking. Therefore, further research is needed to determine these mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of baicalin, which include its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; inhibition of endothelial cell apoptosis; modulation of innate immunity; suppression of vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, migration, and contraction; regulation of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems; inhibition of myocardial hypertrophy; prevention of myocardial fibrosis; and anti-apoptotic effects on cardiomyocytes.