UNASSIGNED: Astigmatism is closely associated with myopia progression, vision loss, eye fatigue and amblyopia, which seriously endangers children\'s eye health. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and characteristic distribution of astigmatism in children in Langzhong City, providing valuable insights for allocating resources and develop prevention and control strategies.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional study and random sampling survey were conducted. Between January and November 2021, 21,415 students aged 5 to 13 years from 14 primary schools in Langzhong City underwent non-cycloplegic refractive testing using autorefraction. The data on myopia were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 23.0.
UNASSIGNED: The inclusion criterion was set at an absolute astigmatism value of ≥0.50D. Among the 21,415 children studied, 61.70% were found to have astigmatism. The prevalence of astigmatism varied significantly across different grades (χ2=501.414, P<0.001). The predominant types of astigmatism were mild astigmatism (0.50-1.00D) and with-the-rule astigmatism. Mixed astigmatism was primarily observed in children in grades 1 and 2, while compound myopic astigmatism was more common in children in grades 3 to 6. These differences were statistically significant. As the degree of astigmatism increased, the proportions of against-the-rule astigmatism, oblique astigmatism, compound myopic astigmatism, and simple hyperopic astigmatism decreased, whereas the proportions of with-the-rule astigmatism, mixed astigmatism, and compound hyperopic astigmatism increased.
UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of astigmatism among school-age children aged 5 to 13 years in northeast Sichuan is notably high, with compound myopic astigmatism and with-the-rule astigmatism being the most common types. Regular refractive examinations are crucial for the early detection and management of astigmatism.

Background/Objectives: This retrospective case series analyzed visual outcomes in patients with a prior history of implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation who underwent cataract extraction (CE). A secondary aim was to investigate the relationship between vault height and the rate of cataract development. Methods: Visual acuity and refraction measurements were collected after CE at one week, one month and six months. Vault height measurements were correlated to the time until symptomatic cataracts were removed. Results: A total of 44 eyes were analyzed at six months after CE with efficacy and safety indexes of 1.20 ± 1.11 and 1.50 ± 1.06, respectively. In addition, 70% of eyes had a post-operative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) within one line of pre-operative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). Refractive predictability at six months demonstrated that 43% and 69% of eyes were within ±0.25 D and ±0.50 D of SEQ target, respectively. Astigmatism measured by refractive cylinder was ≤0.25 D in 17% and ≤0.50 D in 34% of eyes pre-operatively compared to 40% and 60% of eyes, respectively, at six months post-operatively. Vault heights one week after ICL (p < 0.0081) and one week before CE (p < 0.0154) demonstrated a positive linear regression with the time until CE. Conclusions: This sample population achieved favorable visual outcomes six months after CE, similar to six months after ICL implantation. Patients with a history of ICL implantation will similarly have a good visual prognosis after CE.

UNASSIGNED: Colloid cysts are rare brain tumors that can cause headaches, memory problems, and vision issues. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications.
UNASSIGNED: The authors report a case of a patient in their 20s with a 2-year history of headaches and blurry vision. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a colloid cyst in the third ventricle. The patient was diagnosed with astigmatism and managed with corrective lenses and regular CT scans.
UNASSIGNED: The patient\'s astigmatism may be linked to the colloid cyst, potentially due to migraines triggered by the cyst\'s location. Further research is needed to understand this relationship.
UNASSIGNED: This case highlights the potential for colloid cysts to contribute to vision problems. Careful evaluation and individualized management are essential for patients with colloid cysts and vision disturbances.

CONCLUSIONS: Angular Indication Measurement (AIM) is an adaptive, self-administered, and generalizable orientation-judgment method designed to interrogate visual functions. We introduce AIM Visual Acuity (VA) and show its features and outcome measures. Angular Indication Measurement VA\'s ability to detect defocus was comparable with that of an Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letter chart and showed greater sensitivity to astigmatic blur.
OBJECTIVE: This proof-of-concept study introduces Angular Indication Measurement and applies it to VA.
METHODS: First, we compared the ability of AIM-VA and ETDRS to detect defocus and astigmatic blur in 22 normally sighted adults. Spherical and cylindrical lenses in the dominant eye induced blur. Second, we compared repeatability over two tests of AIM-VA and ETDRS.
RESULTS: A repeated-measure analysis of variance showed a main effect for defocus blur and test. For the astigmatism experiment, an interaction between blur and orientation was found. Pairwise comparisons showed that AIM was more sensitive to astigmatic-induced VA loss than ETDRS. Bland-Altman plots showed small bias and no systematic learning effect for either test type and improved repeatability with more than two adaptive steps for AIM-VA.
CONCLUSIONS: Angular Indication Measurement VA\'s ability to detect defocus was comparable with that of an ETDRS letter chart and showed greater sensitivity to induced astigmatic blur, and AIM-VA\'s repeatability is comparable with ETDRS when using two or more adaptive steps. Angular Indication Measurement\'s self-administered orientation judgment approach is generalizable to interrogate other visual functions, e.g., contrast, color, motion, and stereovision.

BACKGROUND: There are reports of safe cataract surgery in eyes with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD); however, to our knowledge, there are no reports of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) in eyes with PPCD. Herein, we report a case of poor intraoperative visibility with gonioscopy, postoperative corneal edema, and corneal astigmatism in eyes with PPCD treated with trabecular micro-bypass stent combined with cataract surgery.
UNASSIGNED: A 78-year-old man was referred to our hospital for MIGS. He presented with bilateral corneal endothelial vesicular changes and band lesions. Endothelial cell density was 2983/2871 cells/mm2 (right/left eye), central corneal thickness was 581 μm/572 μm, best-corrected visual acuity values (Snellen equivalent) were 20/32 (right) and 20/100 (left), and corneal astigmatism was -2.7D in the right eye and -2.5D in the left eye.
UNASSIGNED: After phacoemulsification and aspiration with intraocular lens implantation with a 2.4-mm corneal incision in both eyes, trabecular micro-bypass stents were inserted successfully despite the poor intraoperative visibility with gonioscopy. One week after surgery, the central corneal thickness was 614 μm/609 μm, and Descemet\'s membrane folds and mild corneal edema were observed. Best-corrected decimal visual acuity was 20/40 for the right eye and 20/50 for the left eye. In the left eye, total corneal astigmatism increased from -2.5D to -5.5D. Corneal astigmatism and edema showed gradual improvement.
CONCLUSIONS: Although reports have shown that cataract surgery can be safely performed in eyes with PPCD, MIGS in eyes with PPCD may require caution regarding intraoperative visibility with gonioscopy and visual function in the early postoperative period.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical presentations, visual, and refractive profiles of children with congenital ectopia lentis in a large cohort of patients from a tertiary eye care network in India.
METHODS: A retrospective review of electronic medical records from December 2012 to December 2020 was conducted. Two hundred and ninety-seven consecutive children ≤18 years of age at presentation were identified and analyzed for demographic details, patient distribution, lens subluxation, visual, and refractive profiles before and after the interventions.
RESULTS: Five hundred and ninety-four eyes of 297 (male 56%; n = 166) patients were analyzed. The mean age at presentation was 8.74 ± 3.89. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation ranged from 0.3 logMAR to 3.5 logMAR; (Snellen: 6/9 - close to face [CF]) (mean 0.89 ± 0.68). High myopia (n = 201; 33.83%) and mild astigmatism (n = 340; 57.23%) were more frequent. Temporal (n = 108; 18.18%) subluxation was most common followed by superior. Lensectomy with limited vitrectomy was performed in 243 eyes of 127 patients (40.90%). Median preoperative BCVA was 1.0 (range: 0.3-3.5 logMAR; 20/40 - CF). Median postoperative BCVA was 0.5 logMAR (6/18) in the pseudophakic group and 0.6 logMAR (6/24) in the aphakic group. Spherical equivalent in myopic children reduced from -12.06 ± 6.84D to -1.57D (-0.25D to - 5.5D) in the pseudophakic group and +9.3D (+5.5D to 15.5D) in the aphakic group.
CONCLUSIONS: This study is a large cohort of children presenting with ectopia lentis. Following intervention, an improvement in the median BCVA and refractive correction was noted in the entire cohort.

Toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) are universally recommended in cataract cases with preoperative corneal astigmatism ≥1.5 D. An optimal surgical outcome depends on careful patient selection, complete preoperative evaluation, accurate IOL power calculation, precise marking of the axis, meticulous intraoperative approach, and methodical postoperative care. Understanding the importance of posterior corneal astigmatism, surgically induced astigmatism, and effective lens position in IOL power calculation and newer techniques to measure them directly have resulted in better postoperative refractive outcomes. We present a brief overview of toric IOLs along with the preoperative evaluation, IOL power calculation, different marking methods, intraoperative approach, and postoperative outcomes. Functional and anatomical outcomes, including uncorrected visual acuity, residual refractive astigmatism, and postoperative IOL misalignment, which have been reported for both toric IOLs and multifocal toric IOLs, are reviewed.

Among refractive errors, astigmatism is the most common optical aberration, where refraction changes in different meridians of the eye. It causes blurred vision at any distance and includes corneal, lenticular, and retinal astigmatism. Cataract surgery used to cause a progressive increase in the pre-exisiting corneal astigmatism because of creating a surgically induced astigmatism, for example, a large size surgery incision. The development of surgical techniques during last decades has made cataract surgery interchange to treat preoperative corneal astigmatism at time of surgery. Nowadays, three surgical approaches can be used. By placing a sutureless clear corneal incision on the steep meridian of the cornea, a preoperative corneal astigmatism less than 1.0 D can be corrected. Single or paired peripheral corneal relaxing incisions (PCRIs) provide 1.0-3.0 D corneal astigmatism correction. PCRIs are typically used for treating 1.0-1.5 D of regular corneal astigmatism, if more than 2.0 D, the risk of overcorrection and irregular astigmatism is increased. When toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) are unavailable in markets, PCRIs are still a reasonable option for patients with up to 3.0 D of pre-existing corneal astigmatism. Toric IOLs implantation can correct 1.0-4.5 D of corneal astigmatism. Several IOLs are approved to correct a high degree of corneal astigmatism with cylinder power up to 12.0 D. These approaches can be used alone or in combination.

UNASSIGNED: To analyze the refractive and visual outcomes following cataract surgery and implantation of a new hydrophobic trifocal toric intraocular lens (IOL) in Japanese eyes with different degrees of corneal astigmatism.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 66 eyes from 39 patients implanted with a FineVision HP Toric IOL (Beaver-Visitec International Inc) were analyzed retrospectively. The main outcome measures considered were refraction, monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), and distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (DCIVA) at 80 and 66 cm, uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) and distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA) at 40 cm. Eyes were evaluated at three months post-surgery.
UNASSIGNED: Sixty-five eyes (98.48%) were within ±0.50D of spherical equivalent, and all were within ±1.00D (mean: 0.00±0.21D). Moreover, 63 eyes (95.45%) had ≤0.50D of residual astigmatism, and all had ≤1.00D (mean: -0.08±0.23D). Similarly, 58 (87.88%) and 60 eyes (90.91%) had ≥20/20 UDVA and CDVA, respectively, with 65 (98.48%) and 66 eyes (100%) achieving ≥20/25 UDVA and CDVA, respectively. In addition, 28 (42.42%) and 23 eyes (34.85%) had ≥20/25 DCIVA at 80 and 66 cm, respectively, with 49 (74.24%) and 52 eyes (78.79%) achieving ≥20/32 DCIVA at 80 and 66 cm, respectively. Finally, 39 (59.09%) and 40 eyes (60.61%) had ≥20/20 UNVA and DCNVA, respectively, with 58 (87.88%) and 59 eyes (89.39%) achieving ≥20/25 UNVA and DCNVA, respectively.
UNASSIGNED: Our study shows that implantation of the new hydrophobic FineVision HP Toric IOL results in accurate refractive outcomes, with good visual acuity at different distances, in Japanese eyes.

UNASSIGNED: To assess the refractive and visual outcomes at different distances following cataract surgery with implantation of an omnidirectional aberration-free diffractive trifocal toric intraocular lens (IOL).
UNASSIGNED: A total of 24 patients who underwent bilateral implantation with the TrivaT-aAY IOL were analyzed at 3-4 months post-surgery. Refractive error, monocular and binocular uncorrected and corrected-distance visual acuity (UDVA, CDVA), uncorrected and corrected-distance intermediate visual acuity (UIVA, CDIVA) at 60 cm, uncorrected and corrected-distance near visual acuity (UNVA, CDNVA) at 40 cm, monocular and binocular defocus curve and rotational stability were measured. Patients also completed the Catquest-9SF questionnaire at the last postoperative visit.
UNASSIGNED: The postoperative mean values of binocular logMAR CDVA, CDIVA and CDNVA were -0.06±0.06, 0.05±0.07 and 0.07±0.08, respectively. One hundred percent of patients showed a cumulative binocular CDVA ≥20/25, and 95.83% of patients showed a cumulative binocular CDIVA and CDNVA ≥20/32. The mean postoperative spherical equivalent was 0.07±0.26D and 100% and 97.92% eyes were within ±1.00D and ±0.50D, respectively. The mean postoperative refractive cylinder was -0.22±0.29D and 100% and 89.58% eyes showed a value ≤1.00D and ≤0.50D, respectively. The defocus curves showed a wide range of useful vision, with visual acuity values >0.2 logMAR. Mean absolute IOL rotation was 2.19±2.17 degrees and all eyes had a rotation <10 degrees. For the questionnaire, 95.83% of patients reported being quite satisfied to very satisfied with their vision and about 79.17% did not report any difficulty with their vision in their everyday life. Between 83.33% and 95.83% of patients reported no difficulty performing different tasks. No intra- and postoperative complications were reported during the follow-up.
UNASSIGNED: Our study shows that the TrivaT-aAY IOL provides good visual acuities at all distances and refractive outcomes with excellent rotational stability and with high satisfaction among our patients after its implantation.