背景:这项研究调查了撒哈拉以南非洲国家(SSA)儿童发育迟缓的变化。然后,它调查了这些国家减少儿童发育迟缓的因素。对于每个国家,我们区分成分效应和结构效应的贡献。
方法:本文使用了2000年至2020年对12个撒哈拉以南非洲国家进行的人口和健康调查的数据。比较两个独立比例的z检验用于评估在此期间儿童发育迟缓和解释变量的变化。采用最近的影响函数(RIF)分解方法对每个国家一年来的发育不良变化进行分解,并确定每个变量对变化的贡献。
结果:一年中,11个国家的儿童发育迟缓患病率显著下降。下降幅度从喀麦隆的6.8%到马里的19%不等。孩子的母亲和父亲的平均教育年份,改善饮用水源的家庭比例有助于减少儿童发育迟缓。这个结果在所有国家都有。生活水平的提高,儿童疫苗接种,产前护理服务,送到卫生保健中心,母亲教育,改善饮用水源,卫生条件的改善对组成成分的贡献最大,从而减少儿童发育迟缓。
结论:这项研究揭示了促进儿童营养状况改善的因素,并提出了如何在落后国家加快减少营养不良的措施。
BACKGROUND: This study examines how significant is the changes in child stunting in Sub-Saharan African countries (SSA). Then, it investigates factors that contributed to the
reduction in child stunting in those countries. For each country, we distinguish the contribution of compositional effects and structural effect.
METHODS: This paper uses data from Demographic and Health Surveys of 12 sub-Saharan African countries conducted between 2000 and 2020. The z-test to compare two independent proportions was used to assess changes in child stunting and explanatory variables over the period. Recentred influence function (RIF) decomposition method was used to decompose changes in stunting over the year in each country, and to determine the contribution of each variable to the changes.
RESULTS: The prevalence of child stunting declines significantly in 11 countries over the year. The decline varies from 6.8% in Cameroun to 19% in Mali. The average year of education of the child\'s mother and father, and the proportion of households with access to an improved drinking water source have contributed to the
reduction in child stunting. This result was found in all the countries. Improvements in living standards, child vaccination, antenatal care attendance, delivery to health care centres, maternal education, improved drinking water sources, and improved sanitation make the largest contribution to the composition component, hence reducing child stunting.
CONCLUSIONS: This study sheds light on what has contributed to the achieved improvement in child nutritional status and suggests how to possibly accelerate the
reduction in undernutrition in countries that lag.