近年来,免疫疗法已成为癌症治疗的重要组成部分。然而,它的功效在各种癌症类型中仍然有限,突出未满足的需求。脊髓灰质炎病毒受体相关2(PVRL2)和脊髓灰质炎病毒受体(PVR)是Nectin和Nectin样分子家族的成员,以其作为细胞-细胞粘附分子的作用而闻名。随着免疫治疗的发展,它们作为免疫检查点因子参与肿瘤免疫机制的研究受到了广泛关注.PVRL2和PVR主要在肿瘤细胞和抗原呈递细胞上表达,绑定到PVRIG和TIGIT,分别,主要在T和NK细胞上发现,从而抑制抗肿瘤免疫。值得注意的是,妇科癌症如卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌表现出高表达水平的PVRL2和PVR,在各种其他实体和血液肿瘤中观察到类似的趋势。靶向这些免疫检查点途径提供了一个有前途的治疗途径,可能与现有的治疗方法相结合。然而,涉及这些结合的免疫调节机制,被称为DNAM-1轴,是复杂的,强调了解它对开发新疗法的重要性。本文全面综述了以PVRL2和PVR为中心的免疫调节机制。阐明它们对各种癌症类型的影响。
In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a crucial component of cancer treatment. However, its efficacy remains limited across various cancer types, highlighting unmet needs. Poliovirus receptor-related 2 (PVRL2) and Poliovirus receptor (PVR) are members of the Nectin and Nectin-like Molecules family, known for their role as cell-cell adhesion molecules. With the development of immunotherapy, their involvement in tumor immune mechanisms as immune checkpoint factors has garnered significant attention. PVRL2 and PVR are predominantly expressed on tumor cells and antigen-presenting cells, binding to PVRIG and TIGIT, respectively, which are primarily found on T and NK cells, thereby suppressing antitumor immunity. Notably, gynecological cancers such as ovarian and endometrial cancers exhibit high expression levels of PVRL2 and PVR, with similar trends observed in various other solid and hematologic tumors. Targeting these immune checkpoint pathways offers a promising therapeutic avenue, potentially in combination with existing treatments. However, the immunomodulatory mechanism involving these bindings, known as the DNAM-1 axis, is complex, underscoring the importance of understanding it for developing novel therapies. This article comprehensively reviews the immunomodulatory mechanisms centered on PVRL2 and PVR, elucidating their implications for various cancer types.