背景:患者自治权法案(PRAA),2019年在台湾实施,通过提前护理计划(ACP)实现提前决策(AD)。该法律框架允许在不可逆昏迷的情况下扣留和撤回维持生命的治疗(LST)或人工营养和水合(ANH),植物人状态,严重的痴呆,或难以忍受的疼痛。本研究旨在调查不同临床状况对LST或ANH的偏好,参与者偏好的变化,以及影响城市居民这些偏好的因素。
方法:采用合法结构化AD文档的调查和数据收集的便利抽样,个人从台北市医院招募,自PRAA成立以来,作为ACP在台湾的主要试验和示范设施。该研究检查了广告和ACP咨询记录,记录性别,年龄,福利权利,疾病状况,家庭护理经验,ACP咨询的地点,二级亲属的参与,以及参加ACP的意向。
结果:从电子记录中提取2337名参与者的数据。拒绝LST和ANH的意愿高度一致,在晚期疾病和极度严重的痴呆症之间存在显着差异。此外,ANH被广泛接受为限时治疗,并且有一种普遍的趋势是授权卫生保健代理(HCA)代表参与者做出决定。观察到性别差异,女性更倾向于拒绝LST和ANH,而男性倾向于接受全面或有时间限制的治疗。年龄也起了作用,年轻的参与者对治疗和授权HCA更加开放,年龄较大的参与者更容易拒绝。
结论:LST和ANH的不同偏好是由公众当前对不同临床状态的理解决定的,性别,年龄,和文化因素。我们的研究揭示了细微差别的临终偏好,不断发展的广告,和社会人口影响。进一步的研究可以探索随时间变化的偏好以及医疗保健专业人员对神经系统患者LST和ANH决策的看法。.
BACKGROUND: The Patient Right to Autonomy Act (PRAA), implemented in Taiwan in 2019, enables the creation of advance decisions (AD) through advance care planning (ACP). This legal framework allows for the withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (LST) or artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) in situations like irreversible coma, vegetative state, severe dementia, or unbearable pain. This study aims to investigate preferences for LST or ANH across various clinical conditions, variations in participant preferences, and factors influencing these preferences among urban residents.
METHODS: Employing a survey of legally structured AD documents and convenience sampling for data collection, individuals were enlisted from Taipei City Hospital, serving as the primary trial and demonstration facility for ACP in Taiwan since the commencement of the PRAA in its inaugural year. The study examined ADs and ACP consultation records, documenting gender, age, welfare entitlement, disease conditions, family caregiving experience, location of ACP consultation, participation of second-degree relatives, and the intention to participate in ACP.
RESULTS: Data from 2337 participants were extracted from electronic records. There was high consistency in the willingness to refuse LST and ANH, with significant differences noted between terminal diseases and extremely severe dementia. Additionally, ANH was widely accepted as a time-limited treatment, and there was a prevalent trend of authorizing a health care agent (HCA) to make decisions on behalf of participants. Gender differences were observed, with females more inclined to decline LST and ANH, while males tended towards accepting full or time-limited treatment. Age also played a role, with younger participants more open to treatment and authorizing HCA, and older participants more prone to refusal.
CONCLUSIONS: Diverse preferences in LST and ANH were shaped by the public\'s current understanding of different clinical states, gender, age, and cultural factors. Our study reveals nuanced end-of-life preferences, evolving ADs, and socio-demographic influences. Further research could explore evolving preferences over time and healthcare professionals\' perspectives on LST and ANH decisions for neurological patients..