冈田酸(OA)-基团毒素,包括OA,生毒素-1(DTX1),生毒素2(DTX2),和生毒素-3(DTX3),引起人类腹泻性贝类中毒。为了更严格地管理OA组毒素,韩国最近修订了法规,以考虑OA,DTX1、DTX2和DTX3组合。因此,我们的研究描述了OA的发生,DTX1,DTX2和DTX3的海鲜分布在韩国,并对海鲜消费进行了风险评估。通过液相色谱-串联质谱法分析了2021年从三个代表性沿海地区收集的16种双壳类动物和7种非双壳类动物的217个样品。OA,DTX1和DTX3的检出率为2.3%,4.1%,以及9.2%的检验样本,正平均水平为11.3、16.4和40.9微克/千克,分别。在任何样品中均未检测到DTX2。在双壳类动物样本中检测到至少一种OA组毒素,包括血蛤仔,平底锅贝壳,硬蛤仔,贻贝,和扇贝,而在非双壳类动物中未检测到。在韩国人口和消费者群体中,估计通过摄入海鲜而急性暴露于OA组毒素的比例很低,建议的急性参考剂量(ARfD)为0.33μgOA当量/kg体重的24.7%至74.5%。然而,对于7-12岁的扇贝消费者来说,急性暴露于OA组毒素超过ARfD,表明可能存在健康风险。这些结果表明,将DTX3纳入新的监管限制是适当的,以保护韩国海鲜消费者免受OA类毒素的影响。
The okadaic acid (OA)-group toxins, including OA, dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX2), and dinophysistoxin-3 (DTX3), cause diarrheic shellfish poisoning in humans. To manage OA-group toxins more strictly, Korean regulations were recently revised to consider OA, DTX1, DTX2, and DTX3 combined. Thus, our study characterized the occurrence of OA, DTX1, DTX2, and DTX3 in seafood distributed across South Korea, and a risk assessment of seafood consumption was conducted. Two hundred and seventeen samples from 16 bivalve and 7 non-bivalve species collected from three representative coastal areas in 2021 were analyzed via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. OA, DTX1, and DTX3 were detected in 2.3%, 4.1%, and 9.2% of the examined samples, with positive mean levels of 11.3, 16.4, and 40.9 µg/kg, respectively. DTX2 was not detected in any of the samples. At least one OA-group toxin was detected in the bivalve samples, including blood clams, pan shells, hard clams, mussels, and scallops, whereas none were detected in non-bivalves. The estimated acute exposure to OA-group toxins through the intake of seafood in the Korean population and consumer groups was low, ranging from 24.7 to 74.5% of the recommended acute reference dose (ARfD) of 0.33 μg OA equivalents/kg body weight. However, for the scallop consumers aged 7-12 years, acute exposure to OA-group toxins exceeded the ARfD, indicating a possible health risk. These results suggest that including DTX3 in the new regulatory limits is appropriate to protect Korean seafood consumers from exposure to OA-group toxins.