由于皮肤癌与各种治疗方式相关,因此皮肤癌在癌症治疗中具有重要意义。这篇综合综述探讨了与不同抗癌治疗相关的皮肤癌风险增加,包括经典的免疫抑制剂,如甲氨蝶呤(MTX),化疗药物如氟达拉滨和羟基脲(HU),靶向治疗,如ibrutinib和Janus激酶抑制剂(JAKI),丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通路(MAPKP)抑制剂,Sonichedgehog通路(SHHP)抑制剂,和放射治疗。MTX,在不同领域广泛使用的免疫抑制剂,与基底细胞癌(BCC)有关,皮肤鳞状细胞癌(cSCC),和皮肤黑色素瘤(CM),特别是在较高的剂量。氟达拉滨,HU,和其他化学治疗剂增加非黑色素瘤皮肤癌(NMSC)的风险,包括cSCC和BCC。像ibrutinib和JAKi这样的靶向治疗与NMSC和CM的发病率升高有关。MAPKP抑制剂,特别是BRAF抑制剂,如维罗非尼,与cSCC和第二原发性黑色素瘤(SPM)的发展有关。SHHP抑制剂如vismodegib与治疗BCC后cSCC的出现有关。此外,放疗有致癌风险,特别是对于BCC,随着风险的增加,尤其是在接触时年龄较小。了解这些风险并实施适当的筛查对于有效管理接受抗癌治疗的患者至关重要。
Skin cancers involve a significant concern in cancer therapy due to their association with various treatment modalities. This comprehensive review explores the increased risk of skin cancers linked to different anti-cancer treatments, including classic immunosuppressants such as methotrexate (MTX), chemotherapeutic agents such as fludarabine and hydroxyurea (HU), targeted therapies like ibrutinib and Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKi), mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MAPKP) inhibitors, sonic hedgehog pathway (SHHP) inhibitors, and radiotherapy. MTX, a widely used immunosuppressant in different fields, is associated with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and cutaneous melanoma (CM), particularly at higher dosages. Fludarabine, HU, and other chemotherapeutic agents increase the risk of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), including cSCC and BCC. Targeted therapies like ibrutinib and JAKi have been linked to an elevated incidence of NMSCs and CM. MAPKP inhibitors, particularly BRAF inhibitors like vemurafenib, are associated with the development of cSCCs and second primary melanomas (SPMs). SHHP inhibitors like vismodegib have been linked to the emergence of cSCCs following treatment for BCC. Additionally, radiotherapy carries carcinogenic risks, especially for BCCs, with increased risks, especially with younger age at the moment of exposure. Understanding these risks and implementing appropriate screening is crucial for effectively managing patients undergoing anti-cancer therapies.