这篇综述调查了神经类固醇的潜力,包括brexanolone,zuranolone,塞普萘酮,还有加纳沙林,作为一系列情绪和神经障碍的治疗剂。值得注意的是,这些疾病包括产后抑郁症,创伤后应激障碍(PTSD),抑郁症(MDD),癫痫,和老年痴呆症。Brexanolone和zuranolone已经成为治疗产后抑郁症的领跑者,迅速缓解衰弱症状。它们的作用机制涉及调节γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)系统,在情绪调节中起着举足轻重的作用。临床试验已经证明了它们的功效,预示着在解决这个经常被忽视的情况方面的潜在突破。在PTSD和MDD的背景下,神经类固醇已显示出重大的希望。它们对GABA-A受体的正变构调节转化为改善的情绪稳定性和减轻的症状。这种新颖的方法代表了与传统治疗方法的背离,并可能为应对这些疾病的个体提供新的希望。除了情绪障碍,神经类固醇,尤其是加那索,在癫痫管理领域表现出潜力。Ganaxalone控制癫痫发作的能力归因于其GABA能活性,这有助于恢复癫痫大脑中神经传递的微妙平衡。此外,神经类固醇在阿尔茨海默病模型中揭示了神经保护特性。通过影响GABA能系统,它们减轻兴奋性毒性,阿尔茨海默病病理学的标志.这种神经保护为减缓神经变性开辟了一条新途径,尽管进一步的研究和临床验证至关重要。总之,这篇综述强调了神经类固醇在情绪和神经系统疾病中的实质性治疗前景.它们对GABA系统的调节成为一种中心作用机制,强调在这些条件下GABA能信号的重要性。前进的道路需要持续的调查和临床试验,以充分释放神经类固醇的潜力,为在这些具有挑战性的临床领域加强治疗提供希望。
This review investigates the potential of
neurosteroids, including brexanolone, zuranolone, sepranolone, and ganaxalone, as therapeutic agents for a range of mood and neurological disorders. Notably, these disorders encompass postpartum depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), epilepsy, and Alzheimer\'s disease. Brexanolone and zuranolone have emerged as frontrunners in the treatment of postpartum depression, offering rapid relief from debilitating symptoms. Their mechanism of action involves modulation of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system, which plays a pivotal role in mood regulation. Clinical trials have demonstrated their efficacy, heralding a potential breakthrough in addressing this often-overlooked condition. In the context of PTSD and MDD,
neurosteroids have demonstrated significant promise. Their positive allosteric modulation of GABA-A receptors translates into improved mood stabilization and reduced symptoms. This novel approach represents a departure from conventional treatments and could offer newfound hope for individuals grappling with these disorders. Beyond mood disorders,
neurosteroids, especially ganaxalone, exhibit potential in the realm of epilepsy management. Ganaxalone\'s capacity to control seizures is attributed to its GABAergic activity, which helps restore the delicate balance of neurotransmission in epileptic brains. Moreover,
neurosteroids have revealed neuroprotective properties in Alzheimer\'s disease models. By influencing the GABAergic system, they mitigate excitotoxicity, a hallmark of Alzheimer\'s pathology. This neuroprotection opens a novel avenue for slowing neurodegeneration, although further research and clinical validation are essential. In conclusion, this review underscores the substantial therapeutic promise of
neurosteroids in mood and neurological disorders. Their modulation of the GABA system emerges as a central mechanism of action, emphasizing the importance of GABAergic signaling in these conditions. The path forward entails continued investigation and clinical trials to fully unlock the potential of neurosteroids, offering hope for enhanced treatments in these challenging clinical domains.