UNASSIGNED: Respiratory infections are common in children and can quickly deteriorate, necessitating vigilant nursing care. Simulation training provides a valuable tool for nursing students to learn how to manage children with respiratory infections. Peer tutoring has demonstrated benefits, including the creation of a safe, supportive learning environment and the perception of peer tutors as beneficial role models. This study aimed to develop a simulation education program for the care of children with respiratory infections, involving peer tutoring among nursing students, and to assess its effectiveness.
UNASSIGNED: This mixed-methods study, conducted between July and December 2022, utilized surveys to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. A peer tutoring-based simulation education program for providing care to children with respiratory infections was developed specifically for nursing students. The study was implemented with 49 nursing students from a South Korean university (25 in the experimental group and 24 in the control group). The students\' self-efficacy, disposition towards critical thinking, problem-solving ability, and satisfaction with practice were evaluated and analyzed using the unpaired t-test, the chi-square test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance. The learning experiences of the students in the experimental group were further examined using qualitative content analysis.
UNASSIGNED: The experimental group demonstrated greater growth in self-efficacy and satisfaction with practice than the control group. However, no significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups in terms of changes in disposition towards critical thinking and problem-solving ability. From the nursing students who participated in the implementation, three categories were identified: \"enhancement of learning,\" \"psychologically secure environment,\" and \"novel experience.\"
UNASSIGNED: The peer tutoring-based simulation education focused on caring for children with respiratory infections effectively improved the self-efficacy and satisfaction of nursing students. This method will be utilized to enhance the learning experience of nursing students in the field of pediatric respiratory care.

UNASSIGNED: Strabismus influences health-related quality of life. Individuals may have functional and psychosocial consequences of strabismus that impact their well-being. As strabismus is prevalent in all age groups, patients are seen in varied specialties in healthcare organizations. Therefore, healthcare professionals need to be aware of the psychosocial consequences when caring for strabismic individuals.
UNASSIGNED: To describe strabismic adults\' experiences of the psychosocial influence of strabismus.
UNASSIGNED: Twelve strabismic adults participated in face-to-face or online semistructured individual interviews to share their experiences of the psychosocial influence of strabismus. The participants were selected purposefully. The data were analyzed using inductive content analysis.
UNASSIGNED: The participating adults described challenges with social environments, which showed stress in social situations and pressure in interactions. Strabismic adults had experienced staring from others, avoided social situations, and were uncomfortable with photography. They hid their strabismus, avoided eye contact, and struggled with intimate relationships. They also expressed struggles with mental well-being, which were emotional and psychological burdens. The adults described feeling negative emotions, worry, and irritation due to their condition. Struggles with self-confidence, difficulties with acceptance, negative thoughts about their appearance, experiences of bullying, and dealing with being different were described.
UNASSIGNED: Strabismic adults experience psychosocial consequences of strabismus, influencing their psychosocial health-related quality of life. Further studies should focus on how healthcare professionals could support strabismic individuals\' psychosocial well-being.

Florence Nightingale, a pioneering figure in the field of nursing during the 19th century, revolutionized medical practices through her innovative approaches to healthcare and dedication to improving patient outcomes. Her advocacy for sanitation significantly reduced mortality rates among patients. Nightingale\'s pioneering use of data analysis in healthcare and her establishment of nursing education standards laid the foundation for the nursing profession as we know it today. Her contributions continue to resonate in the field of medicine to this day. This paper is a theoretical reflection on Florence Nightingale\'s contributions to health and nursing, based on a review of literature from PubMed and Google Scholar databases.

BACKGROUND: Improving the professional competency of nursing students during the internship is critical. This study aimed to compare the professional competency and anxiety of nursing students trained based on two internship models.
METHODS: This is a two-group posttest-only quasi-experimental design study. One hundred nursing students who passed internship models A (a previous internship model) and B (an intervention with more educator support and a more planned and programmed process) were randomly enrolled in this study. Internship model groups A and B were conducted for the students in semesters 7 and 8. The outcomes assessed in both groups were \"The Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses\" and Spielberger \"State-Trait Anxiety Inventory\". T-test and MANOVA were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: The mean scores of competency were 134.56 (SD = 43.23) and 160.19 (SD = 35.81) for the nursing students in the internship model groups A and B, respectively. The mean scores of nursing students\' anxiety were 92.14 (SD = 15.36) and 80.44 (SD = 18.16) in the internship model groups A and B, respectively. MANOVA test showed a significant difference between the groups regarding professional competency (F = 10.34, p = 0.002) and anxiety (F = 11.31, p = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The internship model group B could improve the professional competency of nursing students to a great extent and they experienced mild anxiety; it is suggested that this intervention should be done for nursing students. Conducting more studies to evaluate the effect of this model on the nursing students\' competency and anxiety after graduation and as a novice nurse is suggested.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of an alternating shift pattern in two-hour segments in the state of emergency management of public health events.
METHODS: A cross-sectional research design was conducted in our study. The nursing staff working in the admission ward of suspected or confirmed patients with COVID-19 in December 2022 were selected as subjects by the whole-group sampling method. We adopted a shift pattern of alternating shifts every two-hour in the isolation wards. The vital signs parameters were captured by uniformly wearing the multi-signs sensing devices, and the questionnaires collected the symptoms.
RESULTS: Sixty-seven female participants, with a mean age of 33.09 ± 5.96 years, were included in this study. Measurements of body temperature (T), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate (RR), and heart rate (HR) while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) all remained within normal limits. None of the nurses reported sweating, dizziness, blurred vision, palpitations, or dyspnea. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the critical care group and the non-critical care group in terms of age (P = 0.041), working duration (P = 0.036), and the total number of entries into isolation areas for nursing care (rounds) (P = 0.007). However, there were no statistically significant differences in vital signs based on age, work duration, or body mass index (BMI). The data indicated a notable increase in body temperature compared to other vital sign parameters with increasing work time while wearing PPE. Body temperature approached the upper limit when working close to 2 h long.
CONCLUSIONS: The alternating shift pattern in two-hour segments can effectively maintain the physical well-being of nurses wearing PPE without increasing the burden on nursing staff or the wastage of protective materials. This approach is recommended for addressing similar public health events in the future.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients may suffer from sleep disturbances due to this postoperative pain. Postoperative pain and low sleep quality can lead to various unpredictable complications, including anxiety.The aim of this study is to determine the effect of shoulder massage administered to patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy on pain and sleep quality.
METHODS: The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial.This study was carried out with 60 patients who underwent surgery at the General Surgery Department of a university\'s Faculty of Medicine between January 2020 and March 2021. The study was completed with 60 patients (30 in the intervention group and 30 in the control group). The patients in the intervention group received shoulder massage twice at 6-hour intervals. The data for the study were collected using the \"Individual Introduction Form\", the \"VAS\", and the \"Richard Campbell Sleep Scale\".
RESULTS: It was found that the pain of the patients in the intervention group significantly decreased compared to the control group 30 min after the massage (p˂0.05). However, 6 h after the massage, the pain levels in both groups were similar. The sleep quality of the patients in the intervention group was significantly higher compared to those in the control group (p˂0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that the massage therapy yielded a short-term alleviation of shoulder pain among the patients while also enhancing their sleep quality. These results suggest that shoulder massage could be effectively incorporated into nursing practice as a means to ameliorate pain levels and enhance sleep quality in postoperative patients.
BACKGROUND: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06480149 (retrospectively registered, Protocol ID: 2019/06-8Last Update Posted 2024-06-28) https://ctv.veeva.com/study/shoulder-massage-after-cholecystectomy .

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the availability (in terms of stock and composition) and accessibility (in terms of geographical distribution) of the nursing workforce in Brazil.
METHODS: this is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection, identified by combining databases available on institutional websites and structured according to indicators from the World Health Organization\'s \"National Health Workforce Accounts\". The study considered nursing professionals at senior level (nurses) and middle level (nursing auxiliaries and technicians). Indicators of stock, composition, distribution (by age group and gender) and the ratio of nurses to doctors were included.
RESULTS: there was an increase in the number of personnel between 2005 and 2010, mainly in middle and technical level professionals. There are more personnel aged between 36 and 55, with a predominance of women in all categories, despite the increase in men. There was an uneven distribution of personnel across the country\'s regions, with the Southeast having the largest number of professionals. The ratio of nurses to doctors is less than one in the South and Southeast.
CONCLUSIONS: despite the large number of nurses, their distribution is uneven. The growth of nursing technicians has significantly outstripped that of nurses, indicating more intensive technical training policies than those found in higher education.

UNASSIGNED: To conduct an economic cost analysis and budget impact assessment (BIA) of implementing the Frailty Care Bundle (FCB) intervention nationally over five-years for hip fracture patients. The FCB was designed to reduce hospital associated decline in older hospitalised patients.
UNASSIGNED: The FCB was delivered in two Irish hospitals on two wards per hospital. A micro level cost analysis, from the Irish health service perspective was undertaken. Direct costs of the FCB were considered (personnel, training, resources), expressed in Euros (2020). For the BIA national population estimates for hip fracture and costs avoided were based on 18% difference in patients returning to their baseline capability in the post compared to pre-intervention group, valued using cost estimates of functional decline.
UNASSIGNED: We estimated total intervention costs at €53,619 (89% for personnel) and the average cost per patient was €156.03. The expected costs of implementing the FCB nationally over 12-months was €57,274 per hospital (€72.92 per patient). The BIA for an expected targeted population (16,000 over 5 years), estimated that the cost of implementing the FCB (€1.2m) was less than the expected value of functional decline avoided owing to the intervention (€3.6m), suggesting a positive net effect (€2.4m).
UNASSIGNED: Investment in the FCB can be offset with more rapid patient return to baseline functional capability, reducing health care costs. Trial and Protocol Registration (retrospective): BMC ISRCTN 15145850, (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN15145850).

UNASSIGNED: Shift work implementation is essential for providing continuous patient care in hospitals. However, working in shifts on a routine basis may disrupt the circadian pattern and alter the sleep-wakefulness cycle in nurses. Stress due to shift work can influence the adaptability of the cardiovascular system, produce psychophysiological strain and deteriorate work performance in female nurses.
UNASSIGNED: This study investigated the effect of morning and night shift work on sleep quality and circadian patterns governing heart rate variability (HRV) in female nurses working in a tertiary care hospital.
UNASSIGNED: Thirty-eight healthy female nurses were recruited. Frequency and time domain parameters of HRV were recorded as markers of cardiac autonomic function. A student t-test was used to investigate differences in HRV between morning and night shift workers. Mann-Whitney non-parametric test was applied for the difference between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores in the two groups.
UNASSIGNED: Standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval (SDNN) (msec), total power (ms2) and high-frequency (HF) band power (ms2) were significantly reduced in night shift nurses than in morning shift nurses. The low-frequency (LF)/HF ratio was significantly increased in night shift nurses. The differences in standard deviation of the averages of NN intervals (SDaNN) (msec), root mean square of successive differences between adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD), mean NN, very low-frequency (VLF) band power (ms2) and LF band power (ms2) were not statistically significant. The global PSQI score was significantly higher among night shift workers than in morning shifts.
UNASSIGNED: Inadequate sleep can disrupt the body\'s ability to regulate heart rhythm and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality. The research suggests a propensity for autonomic imbalance in night shift workers when compared to their counterparts on morning shifts.

BACKGROUND: The health as expanding consciousness (HEC) theory posits that health and disease are interconnected components of a comprehensive process aimed at expanding consciousness.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to introduce the concept, research status and applications of HEC and offer a comprehensive understanding of its various key components.
METHODS: Databases including EMBASE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Wiley, Web of Science, Sinomed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and CQVIP, covering the period from 1986 to 2023.
METHODS: Employing Rodgers\' evolutionary concept analysis approach, this study included and analysed 70 studies.
RESULTS: The characteristics of HEC comprise aspects such as movement, time, space, energy, rhythm, and paradigm of health. The antecedents of HEC encompass disease, chaos, binding, centring, and choice point. Consequences associated with HEC include self-transcendence, unbinding, decentring, expanded consciousness, real freedom, pattern recognition, absolute consciousness, and death.
CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified substitute terms, related concepts, attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical references associated with HEC. The findings provide valuable information applicable across various domains of nursing, encompassing practice, education, research, and management.