次生代谢产物(SMs)在植物的重要功能中起着至关重要的作用,例如生长,发展,防御,并通过在所需地点的运输和积累来生存。然而,与初级代谢物不同,SMs的运输机制尚未得到很好的探索。SM转运蛋白的大量存在之间存在巨大的差距,他们的身份,和功能表征。更好地了解植物SM转运蛋白必将是实现对草药配方中生物活性化合物的急剧增长的需求的一步。因此,通过调节转运体的表达进行转运体工程正在成为以最低成本实现系统代谢工程以提高代谢物生产的长期目标的最可行选择。在这篇评论文章中,我们正在更新对植物SM运输领域最新进展的理解,特别是在过去二十年中发现的。在这里,我们提供了有关ABC中各种类型的完全或部分特征转运蛋白的显着见解,MATE,PUP,和NPF家族,包括它们的不同功能,结构信息,它们的识别和表征的潜在方法,几个监管参数,和他们的调制。通过强调其潜在的应用,特别是在植物胁迫(生物和非生物)耐受性方面,还揭示了“转运工程”概念的新观点。SM积累,去除抗营养化合物,这将对作物改良计划具有重要价值。本研究创建了一个易于识别和更好地理解各种运输者的路线图,在未来的研究中,可以作为运输工程的合适目标。
Secondary metabolites (SMs) play crucial roles in the vital functioning of plants such as growth, development, defense, and survival via their transportation and accumulation at the required site. However, unlike primary metabolites, the transport mechanisms of SMs are not yet well explored. There exists a huge gap between the abundant presence of SM transporters, their identification, and functional characterization. A better understanding of plant SM transporters will surely be a step forward to fulfill the steeply increasing demand for bioactive compounds for the formulation of herbal medicines. Thus, the engineering of transporters by modulating their expression is emerging as the most viable option to achieve the long-term goal of systemic metabolic engineering for enhanced metabolite production at minimum cost. In this review article, we are updating the understanding of recent advancements in the field of plant SM transporters, particularly those discovered in the past two decades. Herein, we provide notable insights about various types of fully or partially characterized transporters from the ABC, MATE, PUP, and
NPF families including their diverse functionalities, structural information, potential approaches for their identification and characterization, several regulatory parameters, and their modulation. A novel perspective to the concept of \"Transporter Engineering\" has also been unveiled by highlighting its potential applications particularly in plant stress (biotic and abiotic) tolerance, SM accumulation, and removal of anti-nutritional compounds, which will be of great value for the crop improvement program. The present study creates a roadmap for easy identification and a better understanding of various transporters, which can be utilized as suitable targets for transporter engineering in future research.