骨骼肌占总体重的30-40%。它对维持消化具有重要意义,吸气和呼气,保持身体姿势,锻炼,保护关节和许多其他方面。此外,肌肉也是重要的代谢器官,有助于维持糖和脂肪的平衡。骨骼肌功能缺陷不仅限制了老年人的日常活动,而且增加了残疾的风险,住院和死亡,给社会和医疗系统带来了巨大的负担。肌肉减少症是肌肉质量的进行性下降,环境和遗传因素引起的肌肉力量和肌肉功能随着年龄的增长,例如蛋白质翻译后修饰(PTM)的异常调节。迄今为止,许多研究表明,许多PTM,比如磷酸化,乙酰化,泛素化,SUMOylation,糖基化,糖化,甲基化,S-亚硝基化,羰基化和S-谷胱甘肽酰化,参与肌肉健康和疾病的调节。本文系统地总结了肌肉生长和肌肉萎缩的翻译后调节,有助于了解肌肉衰老的病理生理学,制定有效的诊断策略,预防和治疗肌肉减少症。
Skeletal muscle makes up 30-40% of the total body mass. It is of great significance in maintaining digestion, inhaling and exhaling, sustaining body posture, exercising, protecting joints and many other aspects. Moreover, muscle is also an important metabolic organ that helps to maintain the balance of sugar and fat. Defective skeletal muscle function not only limits the daily activities of the elderly but also increases the risk of disability, hospitalization and death, placing a huge burden on society and the healthcare system. Sarcopenia is a progressive decline in muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function with age caused by environmental and genetic factors, such as the abnormal regulation of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs). To date, many studies have shown that numerous PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glycosylation, glycation, methylation, S-nitrosylation, carbonylation and S-glutathionylation, are involved in the regulation of muscle health and diseases. This article systematically summarizes the post-translational regulation of muscle growth and muscle atrophy and helps to understand the pathophysiology of muscle aging and develop effective strategies for diagnosing, preventing and treating sarcopenia.