Background and Objectives: The present systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate and compare the long-term clinical outcomes of immediate implants placed into fresh sockets with and without periapical pathology. Materials and Methods: After the search and review of the literature in the electronic databases, 109 publications were achieved. The titles and abstracts of 66 publications were screened. After the evaluation of the full text of 22 publications, based on the inclusion criteria, six controlled clinical studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Results: The statistical calculation showed no heterogeneity among the studies included. The implant survival was 99.6% in the test (socket with periapical pathology) and control (socket without periapical pathology) groups of all the clinical trials. The results of the meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference between test and control groups regarding the marginal bone level and the width of keratinized mucosa in all the studies. Other parameters indicating plaque level, bleeding on probing, and gingival recession also did not differ between test and control groups at the final follow-up in nearly all studies. Conclusions: Within the limitation of this systemic review and meta-analysis, the obtained data suggest that implants immediately placed into the extraction sockets of teeth exhibiting periapical pathology can be successfully osseointegrated for an extended period.

This study presents the development and evaluation of a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P34HB) ultrafine fiber slow-release system for in vivo osteogenic induction of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs). Utilizing dual-nozzle and cell electrospinning techniques, the system encapsulates L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate magnesium (ASP), β-glycerophosphate sodium and dexamethasone (DEX) within the fibers, ensuring sustained osteogenic differentiation. The scaffold\'s morphology, characterization, hydrophilicity, mechanical properties and cellular behavior were examined. Immediate subcutaneous implantation in rabbits was conducted to observe its ectopic osteogenic induction effect. Successfully fabricated P34HB ultrafine fiber slow-release system. Characterization confirmed the uniform distribution of HUCMSCs and inducing components within the scaffold, with no chemical reactions affecting the active components. In vitro tests showcased a prolonged release of DEX and ASP, while biocompatibility assays highlighted the scaffold\'s suitability for cellular growth. Alizarin Red, type I collagen, and osteopontin (OPN) staining verified the scaffold\'s potent osteogenic induction effect on HUCMSCs. Notably, immediate implantation into New Zealand White rabbits led to significant new bone formation within 8 weeks. These findings underscore the system\'s potential for immediate in vivo implantation without prior in vitro induction, marking a promising advancement in bone tissue engineering.

UNASSIGNED: To study the clinical application effect of two kinds of implants in the upper and lower molars.
UNASSIGNED: A selection of 120 patients (134 teeth) who underwent implant treatment in the upper and lower molars in the army hospital of the Chinese people\'s liberation army from January 2018 to June 2019 were divided into an immediate group (using immediate implantation) and a delayed group (using delayed implantation) using a random number table 60 cases (60 teeth) in each group; differences in implant success rate, buccal keratinized gingival width before and after treatment, alveolar bone absorption, periodontal pocket depth, and gingival aesthetic indicators were compared between the two groups.
UNASSIGNED: The gingival aesthetics effect of the immediate group was better than that of the delayed group on the whole and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); after 12 months of restoration, the implantation success rate of the immediate group was 96.67%. The deferred group was 93.33%, and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05).
UNASSIGNED: Both delayed restoration and immediate implant restoration can achieve good results in implant restoration treatment in the maxillary and maxillary molars. However, immediate implantation has certain advantages in reducing the amount of alveolar bone absorption and maintaining the aesthetic effect of the gums.

BACKGROUND: To establish an immediate implantation rat model and to evaluate the effects of pre-existing periodontitis and two different socket rinse solutions on immediate implantation prognosis.
METHODS: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups before immediate implantation, including the control group, the group with experimentally induced periodontitis (EP), in which rats have been experimentally induced periodontitis before implantation, and the group with induced periodontitis and with extraction sockets rinsed with three percent H2O2 (EP-H2O2), in which rats have been induced periodontitis before implantation, and extraction sockets were rinsed with three percent H2O2. Periodontitis was induced by ligating the thread around the molars for four weeks. Six weeks after titanium alloy implants were self-tapped and left to heal transmucosally, maxillae were dissected after the clinical examination to perform micro-CT and histological analysis.
RESULTS: An immediate implantation model was successfully built in rats. There was no significant difference in implant survival rates between the EP and control groups. However, the clinical examination results, micro-CT analysis, and histological analysis in EP and EP-H2O2 groups showed a significantly worse prognosis than in the control group. Three percent H2O2 showed a similar effect with saline.
CONCLUSIONS: This study presented a protocol for establishing a rat immediate implantation model and showed that periodontitis history might negatively affect the prognosis of immediate implantation. These findings urge caution and alternative strategies for patients with periodontal disease history, enhancing the long-term success of immediate implantation in dental practice. Additionally, the comparable outcomes between 3% H2O2 and saline suggest the use of saline as a cost-effective and safer alternative for implant site preparation in dental practice.

Bone substitutes and barrier membranes are widely used in dental regeneration procedures. New materials are constantly being developed to provide the most optimal surgical outcomes. One of these developments is the addition of hyaluronate (HA) to the bovine bone graft, which has beneficial wound healing and handling properties. However, an acidic environment that is potentially produced by the HA is known to increase the degradation of magnesium metal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential risk for the addition of HA to the bovine bone graft on the degradation rate and hence the efficacy of a new biodegradable magnesium metal GBR membrane. pH and conductivity measurements were made in vitro for samples placed in phosphate-buffered solutions. These in vitro tests showed that the combination of the bovine graft with HA resulted in an alkaline environment for the concentrations that were used. The combination was also tested in a clinical setting. The use of the magnesium metal membrane in combination with the tested grafting materials achieved successful treatment in these patients and no adverse effects were observed in vivo for regenerative treatments with or without HA. Magnesium based biodegradable GBR membranes can be safely used in combination with bovine graft with or without hyaluronate.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of immediate implantation on the restoration effect and aesthetic indicators in patients with class III and IV bone loss of the anterior teeth.
METHODS: This retrospective study collected the data of 82 patients with single loss of anterior teeth who received tooth implantation. According to the treatment methods, these patients were divided into an observation group (N=43) and a control group (N=39). Patients from the observation group underwent immediate implantation treatment, while those from the control group received conventional implantation processing. Pink aesthetic index (PES) and gingival nipple index (GNI) were used to evaluate the aesthetic indicators. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) was applied to evaluate the stability. The incidences of complications after treatment and the success rate of implantation were also recorded and compared between two groups.
RESULTS: At the same day of completed implantation, the observation group had higher various PES index scores than those in the control group (all P<0.05) and no significant differences were found for GNI index between two groups. At the 6th month following the implantation, there was no statistical difference in various PES index scores, GNI index, ISQ value of bone type III and IV between the two groups. The treatment time for bone type III and IV in the observation group was obviously less than that in the control group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of complications between the two groups (9.30% vs 12.82%, χ2=0.634, P>0.05). The success rate of implantation in the observation group was remarkably higher than that in the control group (95.35% vs 84.62%, χ2=4.1129, P=0.041).
CONCLUSIONS: An immediate implantation treatment for patients with single loss of an anterior tooth with bone type III and IV could clearly shorten the treatment period and improve the PES scores at baseline and have better restoration and aesthetic effects.

To evaluate the volumetric stability of peri-implant soft and hard tissue prospectively, this study compared immediate versus delayed implants placed in the anterior esthetic region.
This non-randomized controlled clinical study included 25 patients, who received an immediate (type 1) or a delayed (type 4) implant placement for the replacement of a single anterior tooth. The anterior maxillae were intraorally scanned at three timepoints: before surgery (S0), 6 months (S1), and 12 months (S2) after surgery. A specific region of interest (ROI), divided into marginal and apical regions, was determined and superimposed for volumetric changes analysis. At 6 and 12 months, the probing depth (PD), bleeding/suppuration on probing (BOP/SUP), modified plaque index (PI), keratinized mucosa (KM) width, mucosal recession (MR), and implant stability (PTV) by means of periotest were recorded.
Between S0-S2, tissue surrounding immediate implants was reduced in 0.37 ± 0.31 mm, whereas delayed implants gained 0.84 ± 0.57 mm mean tissue volume. Peri-implant tissue loss at type 1 implants occurred primarily in the marginal section of the ROI (0.42 ± 0.31 mm), whereas tissue gain at type 4 implants occurred mainly in the apical section (0.83 ± 0.51 mm). These values were significantly different between both groups for the entire ROI (p = 0.0452) and the marginal region (p = 0.0274). In addition, the mean buccal KM width around type 1 implants was significantly wider in comparison with the type 4 implants group after 12 months (p = 0.046). There were no significant differences between groups regarding PD, BOP/SUP, or PTV.
The results suggest that type 1 implants placed in the esthetic region experience more tissue loss than type 4 implants, thus marginal tissue remodeling should be considered for planning immediate implants placement in the anterior maxillae.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to discuss the effect of computer-aided design or computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) guide plate combined with socket-shield technique (SST) in immediate implantation of anterior teeth aesthetic area and its influence on aesthetics.
METHODS: A total of 102 patients with immediate implantation in our hospital from March 2017 to March 2020 were selected. According to different repair methods, patients were divided into conventional group (n = 51) and observation group (n = 51). Traditional immediate implantation was performed in conventional group. The observation group underwent immediate implantation with CAD/CAM guides combined with SST. Immediately after operation and 12 months after operation, the success rate, implant deviation, periodontal index, absorption of labial bone plate, complications, aesthetic effects, and satisfaction of the two groups were observed.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the success rate between the two groups (p > 0.05). The implant deviation values in the observation group were all lower than those in the conventional group (p < 0.05). PD, PLI, and SBI in the observation group were all lower than those in the conventional group (p < 0.05). The absorption value of labial bone plate in the observation group were all lower than those in the conventional group (p < 0.05). The total incidence of complications in the observation group (5.88%) was lower than that in the conventional group (19.61%) (p < 0.05). The PES and WES in the observation group were higher than those in the conventional group (p < 0.05). The total satisfaction in the observation group (92.16%) was higher than that in the conventional group (76.47%) (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: : The application of CAD/CAM guide plate combined with SST in immediate implantation of anterior teeth aesthetic area has a good effect, which can improve the accuracy of implantation, improve the periodontal environment, reduce bone resorption, reduce complications, improve aesthetics, and have high patient\'s satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the clinical outcome of socket shield technique (SST) is superior to that of conventional immediate implantation (CII).
METHODS: Five electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, CNKI, and Google Scholar) were searched to identify randomized controlled trials up to June 31, 2021. Five evaluation indexes were extracted, namely, buccal bone resorption at the horizontal and vertical levels (BBH and BBV), the soft tissue recession assessed by pink evaluation scores (PES), patient satisfaction (PS), ISQ, and the success rate of implantation (SRI), to compare the superiority between SST and CII operations. All data analyses were performed using Review Manager (version 5.4).
RESULTS: Ten studies were included in this review. The sample included 388 implants, with 194 in the SST group and 194 in the CII group. Compared with the CII group, the SST group had a lower BBH and BBV (standardized mean difference (SMD), - 1.77; 95% CI, - 2.26 to - 1.28; P < 0.00001 and SMD, - 1.85; 95% CI, - 2.16 to 1.54; P < 0.00001), higher PES improvement (SMD, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.59 to 2.95; P < 0.00001), higher rate of PS (OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.08 to 9.04; P = 0.04), and slightly higher ISQ (SMD, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.28 to 1.15; P = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with CII, SST could be a better option for esthetic area implantation, but evaluation of its long-term success is still needed.
CONCLUSIONS: By comparing and analyzing the operations of immediate implant in esthetic zone, we could choose SST to effectively alleviate the absorption of bone tissue and improve the contouring of soft tissue after anterior teeth extraction, so as to achieve a more stable and superior clinical outcomes of implant in esthetic zone.

The use of immediate implantation (directly into the extracted tooth socket) in the aesthetic zone is a rather difficult task due to the specific structural features of the bone tissue of the alveolar processes and parts of the jaw. The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate the efficacy of the new method of immediate implantation during restoration of teeth in the anterior part of the jaw with bone deficiency, which allows obtaining a high aesthetic result.
UNASSIGNED: The clinical study involved patients with partially edentulous anterior maxillae, chronic apical periodontitis and dental root fractures in the absence of possibility to restore these teeth with orthopedic structures. To identify the main criteria determining smile aesthetics, the detailed analysis of changes in the bone and soft tissues of the alveolar processes was made based on tooth extraction causes and dates. These criteria included gum biotype, the height of the distal and mesial interdental papillae; the width of the keratinized attached gingival area, gingival zeniths, the alveolar ridge thickness. The condition of the facial alveolar bone wall in the planned intervention area was assessed and its thickness was measured using cone-beam CT scan of the jaw. These parameters were measured during traditional immediate implantation, immediate implantation with a free connective tissue graft, implantation performed using the method developed by the authors and during delayed implantation in the anterior part. In each patient, the obtained data were compared with the results in the respective teeth area on the opposite side before the surgery, 4, 6 months and 1 year after the surgery.
UNASSIGNED: Clinical and X-ray studies of the developed method of immediate implantation in the aesthetic zone of the jaw with bone deficiency in the facial alveolar bone wall have convincingly demonstrated its efficacy in the long term (1 year after the surgery). The proposed protocol has made it possible to reduce the length of rehabilitation time, and most importantly, to stabilize and preserve the alveolar ridge architecture.
UNASSIGNED: The proposed method showed the promising outlook for dental implant-supported restoration in difficult anatomical conditions.