Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor (CEOT), also known as Pindborg tumor, is a rare odontogenic benign tumor. It was first reported by Thoma and Goldman in 1946 and defined as an independent tumor by Pindborg in 1957. Herein, we reported a CEOT case involving most of the mandible after I-125 implantation in a 53-year-old man. We cooperated with governmental and hospital departments to resect the tumors, reconstruct the mandible with a fibular flap graft, and properly dispose of the radioactive particles.

UNASSIGNED: To report successful ring-shaped iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy for conjunctival melanoma.
UNASSIGNED: Eye Physics (EP) plaque brachytherapy, designed with Plaque Simulator software, proved to be an effective treatment modality with some corneal irritation and no recurrence at 12-months post radiation.
UNASSIGNED: Management of conjunctival melanoma is complicated by the lack of gold standard adjuvant treatments. I-125 EP plaque brachytherapy represents a viable option for these malignancies. Specifically, ring-shaped plaque geometries allow for targeted radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Stent insertion is the most frequently used option to treat malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) patients. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) is the most common disease that causes hilar MBO.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical efficacy and long-term outcomes of I-125 seed-loaded stent (ISS) insertion for HCCA patients.
METHODS: Consecutive patients with HCCA underwent either normal stent (NS) or ISS insertion between January 2017 and December 2019. The baseline and treatment data of these two groups were compared.
RESULTS: During the period, a total of 93 patients with inoperable HCCA were divided into either NS (n = 48) or ISS (n = 45) insertion groups at our centre. Technical success rates of the NS and ISS insertion were 91.7% and 95.6%, respectively (p = 0.733). Clinical success rates were 93.2% and 100% in the NS and ISS groups, respectively (p = 0.24). Stent dysfunction was observed in 11 and 8 patients in the NS and ISS groups, respectively (p = 0.47). The median stent patency was 143 days and 208 days in the NS and ISS groups, respectively (p < 0.001). All patients died in the follow-up period, with median survival duration of 178 days and 220 days in the NS and ISS groups, respectively (p < 0.001). ISS insertion was the only predictor of longer patency (p = 0.002) and survival (p = 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: ISS insertion might achieve longer patency and overall survival in patients with inoperable HCCA as compared with NS insertion.

BACKGROUND: Malignant esophageal obstruction is usually caused by esophageal and other chest cancers. More than 80% of cases of obstructive esophageal cancer (OEC) have lost the chance of curative resection. Stent insertion is a first-line palliative approach used to treat incurable OEC.
OBJECTIVE: To gauge the relative clinical efficacy of I-125 seed-loaded stent (ISS) versus normal stent (NS) insertion as a treatment for OEC.
METHODS: Querying of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to find all relevant studies published up to November 2020. The meta-analysis was undertaken using RevMan v5.3.
RESULTS: We identified 158 studies initially, eight (4 randomized controlled trials and 4 retrospective studies) of which were used in this meta-analysis. We found that the two groups exhibited the comparable pooled Δdysphagia scores (MD = 0.02; p = 0.80), stent restenosis rates (OR = 0.97; p = 0.89), stent migration rates (OR = 0.81; p = 0.63), severe chest pain rates (OR = 1.05; p = 0.81), hemorrhage rates (OR = 1.53; p = 0.16), aspiration pneumonia rates (OR = 0.72; p = 0.38), and fistula formation rates (OR = 1.47; p = 0.44). The pooled time-to-restenosis and survival were both significantly longer in the ISS group (p = 0.04 and < 0.0001, respectively). Significant heterogeneity was detected in the endpoints of Δdysphagia scores and survival (I2 = 73% and 86%, respectively). Funnel plot analysis indicated an absence of publication bias related to the selected study endpoints.
CONCLUSIONS: For patients with OEC, our meta-analysis indicated that ISS insertion could provide longer stent patency and survival than NS insertion.

Interstitial intracranial radiotherapy implants, or brachytherapy, is an adjuvant option for treatment of recurrent high-grade meningiomas after resection. The implants are placed in the resection cavity following tumor resection. The most commonly used isotope is Iodine-125 (I-125). While there are no controlled studies comparing treatment of meningiomas with or without brachytherapy, several case series report good long-term survival, suggesting that this may be a useful adjuvant for recurrent high-grade tumors. Complications can occur including radiation necrosis, impaired wound healing, hydrocephalus and infection. In the future, new isotopes are being explored that may have fewer complications and better safety profiles.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of compliance of air kerma strength (AKS) measurements of iodine-125 (I-125) seeds with international recommendations by departments in Australia and determine the potential impact of noncompliance.
To achieve this aim, we present an intercomparison of AKS measurements for a single I-125 seed performed by 11 radiotherapy departments in Australia. Measurements were performed at two sites, with each participating department traveling to one of the two host sites and measuring the AKS using their own equipment and local protocols. Each of the AKS measurements was compared with each other and the manufacturer-certified AKS.
Nine of the 11 participating departments measured AKS fell within ±3% of the manufacturer\'s calibration certificate value, whereas all participating departments measured AKS within ±5% of the manufacturer\'s calibration certificate value. The total spread of the measured AKS among the 11 departments was 7.7%. Only two of the 11 participating departments complied with international recommendations and had their well chamber calibrated within the last 2 years. In addition, 2 of the 11 departments used a well chamber calibrated that was calibrated with a different seed model used during the intercomparison, whereas 4 of the 11 departments calibrated their well chamber \"in-house\" using a factory-calibrated seed provided by the seed manufacturer.
A significant variation in the methods used and frequency of calibration of well chambers were observed among the participating departments. The results of this study support the international recommendations on frequency and methodology of well chamber calibration. Failure to follow these recommendations significantly increases the uncertainty in AKS measurement of I-125 seeds.

Designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) are small engineered scaffold proteins that can be selected for binding to desirable molecular targets. High affinity and small size of DARPins render them promising probes for radionuclide molecular imaging. However, detailed knowledge on many factors influencing their imaging properties is still lacking. We have evaluated two human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-specific DARPins with different size and binding properties. DARPins 9_29-H6 and G3-H6 were radiolabeled with iodine-125 and tricarbonyl technetium-99m and evaluated in vitro. A side-by-side comparison of biodistribution and tumor targeting was performed. HER2-specific tumor accumulation of G3-H6 was demonstrated. A combination of smaller size and higher affinity resulted in a higher tumor uptake of G3-H6 in comparison to 9_29-H6. Technetium-99m labeled G3-H6 demonstrated a better biodistribution profile than 9_29-H6, with several-fold lower uptake in liver. Radioiodinated G3-H6 showed the best tumor-to-organ ratios. The combined effect of affinity, molecular weight, scaffold composition, and nonresidualizing properties of iodine label provided radioiodinated G3-H6 with high clinical potential for imaging of HER2.

The aim of this study was to evaluate quality-of-life changes up to 10 years following three different radiotherapy concepts.
In the years 2000-2003, 295 patients were treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT; n = 135; 70.2 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions), low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT with I-125; n = 94; 145 Gy), and high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT with Ir-192; n = 66; 18 Gy in two fractions using 4-6 needles) as a boost to EBRT (50.4 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions). Quality of life was assessed using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite at median time of 2, 6, and 10 years after treatment.
The urinary function score 2 years after EBRT (mean 93 points) was significantly higher in comparison to HDR-BT + EBRT (80 points, higher doses to the urethra relevant) and LDR-BT (88 points). After 10 years, only HDR-BT + EBRT (75 points) remained worse (LDR-BT 92 points; EBRT 91 points). Urinary incontinence score decreased from 83 to 76 points in the HDR-BT + EBRT group. No significant differences or changes resulted in the bowel domain. The mean sexual function score (i.e., sexuality score) was significantly higher after LDR-BT versus HDR-BT + EBRT and EBRT (30 vs. 19 and 24 points after 2 years and 25 vs. 13 and 15 points after 10 years, respectively)-a lower patient age and a lower percentage with hormonal treatment need to be considered.
Apart from decreasing sexual function for all patients, decreasing urinary scores were found in the HDR-BT + EBRT group predominantly as a result of increasing incontinence. This study demonstrates the need for optimum BT treatment planning.

Preoperative nonwire localizations with 125 I seeds are performed using mammographic or ultrasonographic guidance. Current MRI-guided interventions in the breast are primarily limited to biopsies and wire localizations. Occasionally, nonwire localization with 125 I seeds is preferred, but the target is only well seen on MRI. This case report describes how MRI-guided preoperative two 125 I seed bracket localization was performed.

BACKGROUND: Radioactive seed localisation (RSL) has become increasingly popular for localisation of non-palpable breast tumours. This is largely due to advantages it offers in terms of practicality and convenience when compared to guide wire localisation (WL). This institute switched from using WL to RSL in September 2014. The primary aim was to assess whether this change improved the accuracy of excision with regards to inadequate margin rates and weight of excision specimens. The secondary aim was to establish whether there is a \"learning curve\" associated with RSL technique.
METHODS: Retrospective data collection was performed for 333 consecutive cases of unifocal non-palpable invasive breast cancers undergoing excision with WL or RSL. An inadequate margin was defined as tumour <1 mm from an inked radial margin. Patient demographics, tumour characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between WL and RSL cases.
RESULTS: 100 WL and 233 RSL cases were included. Patient demographics and tumour characteristics were similar for both groups. Inadequate margin rates were 18% with WL and 8.6% with RSL (p = 0.013). Median specimen weights were 33.3 g with WL and 28.7 g with RSL (p = 0.014). Subdividing the RSL group into the first 100 cases performed (RSL1) and the subsequent 133 cases (RSL2), inadequate margin rates were 13.0% and 5.3% respectively (p = 0.037). Mean specimen weights were similar.
CONCLUSIONS: Switching from WL to RSL results in a significant reduction in both inadequate margin rates and specimen weights. A procedure-specific learning curve is present on first implementation of RSL and following this, inadequate margin rates are further reduced.