心血管疾病是全球死亡率和发病率的主要原因。高脂血症是动脉粥样硬化和随后心血管疾病的重要危险因素。高脂血症的特征是血液胆固醇水平失衡,特别是低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯升高,受遗传和环境因素的影响。目前的管理包括生活方式的改变和药物干预,最常见的是他汀类药物。这篇综述论文探讨了病理生理学,管理策略,和药物疗法,包括常用的完善的药物,包括他汀类药物,贝多类,还有ezetimibe,令人兴奋的新疗法,包括前蛋白转化酶枯草杆菌蛋白酶/kexin9型(PCSK9)抑制剂,和RNA干扰疗法(inclisiran),洛米他必特,和bempedoic酸,强调他们的行动机制,临床疗效,和安全概况。此外,临床试验中的新兴疗法,包括ApoC-III抑制剂,DGAT2抑制剂,ACAT2抑制剂,研究LPL基因疗法改善脂质稳态和心血管结局的潜力。不断发展的高脂血症管理景观强调了继续研究既定疗法和有希望的新候选药物的重要性。为未来更有效的治疗策略提供了希望。
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of global mortality and morbidity. Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular diseases. Hyperlipidemia is characterized by imbalances in blood cholesterol levels, particularly elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, and is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Current management consists of lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions most commonly consisting of statins. This review paper explores pathophysiology, management strategies, and pharmacotherapies including commonly used well-established medications including statins,
fibrates, and ezetimibe, exciting novel therapies including proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, and RNA interference therapies (inclisiran), lomitapide, and bempedoic acid, highlighting their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles. Additionally, emerging therapies under clinical trials including ApoC-III inhibitors, DGAT2 inhibitors, ACAT2 Inhibitors, and LPL gene therapies are examined for their potential to improve lipid homeostasis and cardiovascular outcomes. The evolving landscape of hyperlipidemia management underscores the importance of continued research into both established therapies and promising new candidates, offering hope for more effective treatment strategies in the future.