本文是对几种处于不同系统发育位置的放线动物物种的星形胶质细胞的首次比较研究,硬骨鱼(16种),和非硬骨鱼(3种),基于GFAP(胶质纤维酸性蛋白)的免疫组织化学染色,特征性的细胞骨架中间丝蛋白,和星形胶质细胞的免疫组织化学标记。问题是,星形胶质细胞结构如何反映这个最大的脊椎动物群体的高度多样性。与在sarcopterygii(包括四足动物)中发现的“逃避”相反,该活动的端脑具有所谓的“常变性”发育。在四足脊椎动物中,几个大脑部分要么没有等价物(例如,环面纵向,lobus下体,lobusnervivagi),或具有相当不同的形状(例如,小脑)。应用DAKO多克隆抗GFAP血清可视化GFAP。这项研究主要集中在端脑(外翻),顶盖(视觉方向),和小脑(运动协调),进化变化最值得期待,但其他地区也进行了调查。主要的星形胶质细胞元素是tanycytes(长,薄,纤维样细胞)。在硬骨鱼端脑中,放射状胶质的“扇形”重排反映了外翻。在比希尔,明星,还有gar,其中外翻不太明显,没有形成“扇形”重新排列。在顶盖中,放射状神经胶质突被免疫染色,但是在Ostariophisi和Euteleostei中,它没有延伸到它们的深处。在每组小脑中都发现了类似Bergmann的神经胶质,包括非硬骨鱼,除了鲤科.Cyprininae的迷走神经叶独特地扩大和分层,并有相应的层状星形胶质系统,感觉和运动神经元区几乎没有GFAP。总之,尽管Actinopterygii大脑的多样性和进化变化,星形胶质结构的多样性是中等的。与软骨和羊膜相反;在Actinopterygii中,真正的星形胶质细胞(星状室管膜外细胞)在进化过程中没有出现,无GFAP地区的扩展受到限制。
The present paper is the first comparative study on the astroglia of several actinopterygian species at different phylogenetical positions, teleosts (16 species), and non-teleosts (3 species), based on the immunohistochemical staining of GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), the characteristic cytoskeletal intermediary filament protein, and immunohistochemical marker of astroglia. The question was, how the astroglial architecture reflexes the high diversity of this largest vertebrate group. The actinopterygian telencephalon has a so-called \'eversive\' development in contrast to the \'evagination\' found in sarcopterygii (including tetrapods). Several brain parts either have no equivalents in tetrapod vertebrates (e.g., torus longitudinalis, lobus inferior, lobus nervi vagi), or have rather different shapes (e.g., the cerebellum). GFAP was visualized applying DAKO polyclonal anti-GFAP serum. The study was focused mainly on the telencephalon (
eversion), tectum (visual orientation), and cerebellum (motor coordination) where the evolutionary changes were most expected, but the other areas were also investigated. The predominant astroglial elements were tanycytes (long, thin, fiber-like cells). In the teleost telencephala a \'fan-shape\' re-arrangement of radial glia reflects the
eversion. In bichir, starlet, and gar, in which the
eversion is less pronounced, the \'fan-shape\' re-arrangement did not form. In the tectum the radial glial processes were immunostained, but in Ostariophysi and Euteleostei it did not extend into their deep segments. In the cerebellum Bergmann-like glia was found in each group, including non-teleosts, except for Cyprinidae. The vagal lobe was uniquely enlarged and layered in Cyprininae, and had a corresponding layered astroglial system, which left almost free of GFAP the zones of sensory and motor neurons. In conclusion, despite the diversity and evolutionary alterations of Actinopterygii brains, the diversity of the astroglial architecture is moderate. In contrast to Chondrichthyes and Amniotes; in Actinopterygii true astrocytes (stellate-shaped extraependymal cells) did not appear during evolution, and the expansion of GFAP-free areas was limited.