Introduction: Ectopic foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus occur rarely. Ectopic tooth eruption rarely occurs in the orbit, nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, and elsewhere. Ectopic eruption of teeth in the maxillary sinus is most commonly associated with wisdom teeth and is rarely associated with supernumerary teeth. This rare phenomenon may be accompanied by chronic recurrent sinusitis with headaches and facial pain. However, fibro-osseous lesions in the paranasal sinuses are discovered incidentally on X-ray images and are often asymptomatic. Osteoma is the most common fibro-osseous lesion that develops in the paranasal and nasal sinuses. Osteomas rarely cause serious symptoms such as orbital lesions and intracranial invasion. Case Presentation: We report a rare case of exostosis containing supernumerary teeth within the maxillary sinus. A characteristic pedicled bone lesion with a clear border on computed tomography was the undefined orthopantomogram radiopacity in the maxillary sinus, and the lesion contained supernumerary teeth. As the patient had chronic nasal congestion, the tumor was surgically removed. Pathologically, the surgical specimen revealed an osteoma. The patient\'s symptoms of chronic sinusitis disappeared. Because the patient had no history of midface trauma or surgery, the supernumerary teeth were speculated to have migrated during a reactive osteogenic process caused by chronic sinusitis. Conclusions: A foreign body in the maxillary sinus can be easily diagnosed by computed tomography. Surgical removal is recommended if the foreign body is symptomatic or occupies more than half of the maxillary sinus. This can help resolve chronic sinusitis symptoms and prevent serious complications in the future.

Ectopic eruption of the second permanent molar is a tooth replacement disorder during adolescence. If not treated in time, it can cause hard tissue of the adjacent first molar resorption, early tooth loss, decreased chewing efficiency, and other serious malocclusions. Timely detection and treatment of ectopic eruption of the second permanent molar are of great significance in preventing malocclusions in adolescents and establishing normal occlusion relationships. However, current case reports on the ectopic eruption of the mandibular second molar are relatively rare and are mostly concentrated on surgical and orthodontic treatments, and long-term follow-up is lacking. This paper reports a case in which brass wire ligation was used to treat ectopic eruption of the mandibular second permanent molar, allowing the permanent teeth to erupt smoothly and establish a normal occlusion. The patient was observed for five years after the operation. The occlusion was stable, and the tooth root development, pulp vitality, and periodontal conditions were normal. This paper provides a clinical approach that is short in treatment duration, simple, and minimally invasive for young mandibular second permanent molars with moderate mesial inclination and partial eruption. This method is of importance in helping children establish physiological occlusion.
第二恒磨牙异位萌出若未得到及时治疗，会导致相邻的第一磨牙牙体组织吸收、牙齿早失、咀嚼效率下降及其他严重的错牙合畸形。及时发现和处理第二恒磨牙异位萌出，对预防青少年错牙合畸形、建立正常咬合关系具有重要的意义。然而，目前针对下颌第二恒磨牙异位萌出的病例报告比较少见，大多治疗方法主要为手术及正畸的方式，且缺乏长期的随访。本文报道1例采用铜丝结扎法治疗下颌第二恒磨牙异位萌出，使恒牙顺利萌出并建立正常咬合。术后观察5年，咬合稳定，牙根发育、牙髓活力及牙周状况正常。本文为近中倾斜度不大且已经部分萌出的阻生年轻下颌第二恒磨牙提供一种治疗周期短、简便及微创的临床思路。.

UNASSIGNED: The etiology of the ectopic eruption (EE) of the maxillary first permanent molars (FPM) remains unclear and controversial. This study was designed to explore the dental and skeletal factors for EE of the FPM in children.
UNASSIGNED: Children aged 6-10 years were recruited to this study. Subjects were assigned to the ectopic eruption group (EEG) and the normal eruption group (NEG). Lateral cephalometric radiographs and panoramic radiographs were measured by angular and linear indices.
UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of EE of maxillary FPM was higher in males and at younger ages. Subjects with skeletal class III malocclusion were more likely to be diagnosed with EE of maxillary FPM. The SNA, ANB, FMIA, Wits, Ptm-A, ANS-PNS, overbite, and overjet were significantly different between the EEG and the NEG. The length of the posterior region of the maxillary alveolar bone, U6-OP, and eruptive angulation of the maxillary FPM were statistically different between the two groups.
UNASSIGNED: Male sex, skeletal class III malocclusion, mesial inclination of the maxillary FPM, hypoplasia of the maxilla, and insufficient length of the posterior region of the maxillary alveolar bone were related to EE of the maxillary FPM.

暂无摘要。

Background Early detection and management of ectopic eruption (EE) of first permanent molars (FPMs) are crucial to avoid complicated treatments later. Aim This study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of EE of FPMs among children in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This retrospective study was based on a radiographic evaluation of 1,008 dental panoramic radiographs performed for children attending the Dental Educational Hospital at Umm Al-Qura University and the Security Forces Hospital in Makkah. Patients\' age, sex, tooth location, and severity of EE were assessed. The study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline for cross-sectional studies.  Results Of the 1,008 reviewed cases, 18 (1.79%) were diagnosed with EE of FPMs. Among the 11 male patients, 81.82% showed severe EE, while 57.14% exhibited moderately severe EE among the seven female patients. The prevalences of EE in the maxilla and mandible were 1.59% and 0.20%, respectively. In contrast, the occurrence of EE of FPMs was similar between the right and left sides. Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of EE of FPMs among children in Makkah was 1.79%. The frequency and severity were both greater in male patients compared to female patients. While significantly more EE of FPMs was observed in the maxilla than in the mandible, there was no significant difference between the right and left sides.

Ectopic eruption of the tooth is a developmental disturbance where the tooth does not erupt in a normal position. This may be due to arch length deficiency or due to, delayed or premature exfoliation of deciduous teeth, or a combination of the above. A total or complete absence of teeth is called true anodontia; if one or more teeth are missing, it is called partial anodontia. It can be syndromic or non-syndromic in occurrence. Here, we present a rare case of non-syndromic partial anodontia and ectopic eruption of permanent mandibular canine in a female patient.

BACKGROUND: Eruption disturbances of permanent molars are uncommon; however, it is important to treat them as soon as they are diagnosed. The main objective was to analyze the effectiveness of the \"miniscrew-supported pole technique,\" a surgically assisted orthodontic procedure to force the eruption of impacted/retained second molars (M2s) when there are indicators of complex molar inclusion. An observational prospective study was carried out during a 2-year period. Sociodemographic, clinical and low-dose scanner variables were taken at baseline (T0). Follow-up variables (T1) were the time between surgery and tooth eruption, radiographic measurements, debonding of buttons, failure rate of miniscrews and success rate of eruption.
RESULTS: A total of 21 patients (mean age of 13.9 years) with 24 retained/impacted M2s were recruited; 13 molars were maxillary (54.2%) and 11 (45.8%) were mandibular. Six (25%) were impacted molars and 18 (75%) primarily retained. At T0, molar angulation was mesial in six molars (25%), distal in five molars (20.8%) and 13 molars were vertically positioned (54.2%). Infraocclusion degree was moderate in four (16.7%) molars and severe in 20 (83.3%). Only three (12.5%) third molars were removed due to lack of space. All M2s managed to erupt, achieving a success rate of 100%; however, two molars of the same patient did not achieve occlusion. The period of eruption after surgery was 126.8 (117.3) days. Anatomical radicular alteration was the only variable independently related to a longer time of treatment (p = 0.027).
CONCLUSIONS: The pole technique, using one mesial miniscrew and simple orthodontic mechanics, applies forces that succeed in erupting complicated retained/impacted M2s in a short period of time and with a low failure rate.

The probability of occurrence of impacted permanent maxillary canine tooth is 2% and, in most cases, is an incidental finding. The management options for them vary from no treatment, surgical exposure, and orthodontic traction into dental arch, surgical removal, and autotransplantation. Although orthodontic traction into the dental arch is the ideal treatment of choice, it cannot be achieved in permanent maxillary canines impacted in unfavorable or aberrant positions. In this article, we report a rare case of a unilateral impacted permanent maxillary canine tooth in an inverted position, which was an incidental finding during the patient\'s routine dental examination and discuss the management options for impacted permanent maxillary canine teeth.

The Rect-spring appliance, used for the management of ectopically erupting molars, shows weak retention on mesially tilted molars. We present three modifications of the appliance for better engagement and their advantages. We describe cases of two 7-year-old patients with ectopically erupting maxillary first molars with a 2.2 mm and 2.5 mm depth of entrapment, respectively. The modified Rect-spring (mRS) was inserted between the ectopically erupting first molar and adjacent primary second molar, and exerted a distalization force with an interproximal wedging effect at the same time. After 3 months, the ectopically erupting first molars were successfully brought into proper occlusion. No discomfort was reported. The mRS is suitable for various locking cases except for severely tilted molars without requiring any laboratory procedures. We suggest it as the first choice for unlocking the first molars.

Ectopic eruption of the permanent molar may absorb the distal root of the primary second molar and may result in a decreased arch length or delayed eruption of the permanent tooth, requiring timely treatment. Therefore, we devised an effective and convenient method to unlock the entrapped tooth using a novel device called a \"piston-elastic\". This case report aims to explain the design and clinical application of this piston-elastic and to describe successful cases. Three patients (aged 6, 13, and 16 years) with ectopically erupted maxillary and mandibular molars, respectively, were treated with a piston-elastic. It was bound to the locked molar to improve the eruption path. After a certain time period, the repulsive force pushed the surface of the adjacent tooth, improving the eruption path of the entrapped tooth. The piston-elastic is a novel device that simply and effectively changes the direction of eruption of ectopically entrapped molars. As it can be manufactured and attached to the chair side, impression acquisition on a model cast and laboratory procedures are unnecessary. Compared to existing methods, the piston-elastic can be easily produced and delivered, causes little irritation, and is inexpensive.