UNASSIGNED: Understanding doctors\' health beliefs is essential for developing effective and competent healthcare practices that benefit doctors and their patients. This study aimed to qualitatively explore doctors\' perceptions of on-shift health-protective behaviours and their perceived effects on competence.
UNASSIGNED: The research applied theoretically driven Expanded Health Belief Model (EHBM) enquiry methods to explore beliefs and experiences through an occupational context survey, 14 individual depth interviews, and two focus groups. Semantic and deductive themes associated with EHBM domains were examined, and an inductive thematic analysis of the interviews was conducted.
UNASSIGNED: Doctors\' beliefs were strongly imbued by their perceived identity within the systemic context; they expressed impaired self-efficacy in reacting to their health needs on shift, and several disclosed harm to themselves and patients. Dominant themes included the psychosocial effects of the systemic culture and the influence of the situational occupational context in impacting health-protective behavioural action. The context and implications of experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.
UNASSIGNED: This study presents key belief-oriented factors influencing doctors\' health-protective behaviour at work and its implications for competent practice. Further doctor-led guidance on focus points for evidence-based theoretically driven health improvement solutions is provided regarding operational practice, formulating policies, developing interventions and further research.

BACKGROUND: Pakistani\'s health services delivery system has been rarely evaluated regarding patient satisfaction. This study examined the performance of the Pakistani health system from the perspective of doctor services (DS), digital payment system (DPS), nurses\' services (NS), laboratory services (LS), pharmacy services (PHS), registration services (RS), physical services (environmentally and tangible) and doctor-patient communication (DPC) about patient satisfaction. A random sampling technique was adopted for data collection.
METHODS: The Social Science Statistical Package (SPSS), analysis of moment structures (AMOS), and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data for reliability, validity, correlations, and descriptive findings. The 879 responses were used for study analysis.
RESULTS: The study revealed that patient satisfaction was found to be significantly affected positively by LS, PHS, DS, NS, and DPS, while DPC, RS, and PF were impacted non-significantly. Consequently, there is a considerable communication gap in the doctor-patient interaction, and Pakistan\'s healthcare system is confronted with a shortage of physical infrastructure and challenges in the digital system.
CONCLUSIONS: Furthermore, the insufficient emphasis on registration services necessitates immediate action to improve the entire patient experience and satisfaction. Identifying these shortcomings has the potential to result in a healthcare system that is more efficient and focused on the needs of the patients.

This paper discusses the key role medical regulators have in setting standards for doctors who use artificial intelligence (AI) in patient care. Given their mandate to protect public health and safety, it is incumbent on regulators to guide the profession on emerging and vexed areas of practice such as AI. However, formulating effective and robust guidance in a novel field is challenging particularly as regulators are navigating unfamiliar territory. As such, regulators themselves will need to understand what AI is and to grapple with its ethical and practical challenges when doctors use AI in their care of patients. This paper will also argue that effective regulation of AI extends beyond devising guidance for the profession. It includes keeping abreast of developments in AI-based technology and considering the implications for regulation and the practice of medicine. On that note, medical regulators should encourage the profession to evaluate how AI may exacerbate existing issues in medicine and create unintended consequences so that doctors (and patients) are realistic about AI\'s potential and pitfalls when it is used in health care delivery.

UNASSIGNED: Premature atrial contractions (PACs) and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are ectopic heart rhythm disorders with implications for cardiovascular health. This study explores the relationship between caffeine consumption and the risk of PACs and PVCs, with a focus on healthcare workers, such as doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and midwives, who often rely on caffeine to combat fatigue, especially during night shifts.
UNASSIGNED: A thorough review was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, utilizing a combination of MeSH terms and keywords. Studies examining the link between caffeine consumption and PACs and PVCs, particularly in healthcare workers, were included.
UNASSIGNED: We found that caffeine shows various effects based on dosage and can impact arrhythmia risk. Individuals working long shifts, including healthcare professionals, are prone to increased caffeine intake, leading to higher cardiovascular risk. To mitigate these risks, tailored guidelines for caffeine consumption, flexible shift scheduling, and mental health support services are recommended. Promoting caffeine alternatives within healthcare institutions can be beneficial.
UNASSIGNED: Although caffeine may have potential benefits, its drawbacks, particularly concerning cardiovascular health, may surpass its advantages, especially when consumed in high doses. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for healthcare workers\' well-being and quality of patient care. Further research is required to refine and support these recommendations.

Brazil has high Covid-19 mortality rates, especially among those patients who are intubated. It is hypothetically considered that these rates may be related to the abusive use of medicines by the population. These drugs without scientific evidence are indicated by President Bolsonaro and his supporters but are also prescribed by doctors who follow this line. The text draws attention to the risks of this phenomenon.

UNASSIGNED: Women are a considerable part of the population and contribute to every facet of life with significant participation in all professions, however, despite such advancements by women, there is still a gender bias in all walks of life including the medical field. This study aimed to evaluate the opportunities, challenges, and job satisfaction of women doctors in the workplace.
UNASSIGNED: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among 165 women medical doctors living in Rivers State, Nigeria. Data was collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire and results have been reported as frequencies and percentages for categorical variables.
UNASSIGNED: Of the 165 women recruited, 62(37.6%) were working as resident doctors, 43(26.1%) were medical officers and 42(25.5%) consultants. Only 85(51.5%) women reported global satisfaction in their workplace while 69(41.8%) admitted to career satisfaction. Most of the respondents agree that their career has limited the time available to spend with their family (74.5%) and their friends (78.2%) outside their working environment. The greatest challenges perceived at work include poor work-life balance in 123(74.5%) and lack of career advancement opportunities in 46(27.9%) respondents. While 112 women doctors (67.9%) had experienced insubordination from a junior male colleague in the workplace, 75(45.5%) had experienced some form of physical violence in the workplace (from staff or patients). One hundred and twenty women (72.7%) had experienced some sort of sexual harassment from both their male colleagues and male patients in the workplace, with 11(6.7%) reporting frequent sexual harassment from their male colleagues.
UNASSIGNED: Gender disparities and bias do exist in the medical field and should be discouraged at every level. When there is a positive organizational culture and supportive environment at work, women medical professionals can offer excellent medical care and break both clinical and academic glass ceilings.

UNASSIGNED: Infectious disease treatment and prevention are threatened by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally. The knowledge and attitudes of doctors regarding AMR and the responsible use of antibiotics are critical to improving prescribing behaviours and mitigating the danger that AMR poses. This study aims to assess the knowledge attitudes and practices of doctors in Nigeria regarding AMR.
UNASSIGNED: This was an online survey of doctors in Nigeria. A 31-item self-administered questionnaire was distributed via an online forum for doctors. The questionnaire consisted of knowledge, attitudes, and practices sections. Demographic and practice data were also collected from respondents. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS and were mainly descriptive. Bivariate correlation was used to determine the relationship between knowledge attitudes and practices.
UNASSIGNED: Two hundred and fifty -two doctors completed the survey. There were 105 (42%) resident doctors who participated in the study. Good knowledge and fair knowledge of AMR were shown by 95(41%) and 146(58%) doctors, respectively. There were few respondents with good attitudes and practices: 40 (16%) and 16 (6%), respectively. A large proportion of respondents had fair attitudes and practices -204(81%) and 185(73%) respectively. The relationship between practice, knowledge, and attitude was negligible. (r<1, p>0.05).
UNASSIGNED: Most doctors in this study showed fair to good knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding AMR. Efforts to reduce the incidence of AMR should leverage the perceptions and behaviours of these healthcare workers.

UNASSIGNED: The rapid spread and mutation rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV2) demands continuous monitoring in terms of genomic and serosurvival. The current study is designed to track the seroprevalence of health care workers (HCWs) postvaccination, as they may be more susceptible to contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the general population.
UNASSIGNED: The objective was to identify the seroprevalence rate for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody (N, S1, S2) amongst HCWs of various levels of exposure working in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Puducherry.
UNASSIGNED: The present study followed a nonprobability consecutive sampling technique, which involved 216 study participants HCWs from the hospital. IgG antibody levels were measured using EUROIMMUNE Anti SARS-COV-2 ELISA KIT (IG g) ELISA at two points: firstly, 2 weeks after the second dose of vaccination, followed by 2 weeks after the booster dose.
UNASSIGNED: Out of the total 216 participants enrolled in the survey, there were 140 males and 76 females, and the maximum number of candidates studied were in the 41-50 age group. Almost 46.7% of the HCWs who participated in the study were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 in the case of those who were high-risk exposed, while only 30.4% were amongst those who were low-risk exposed. The proportion of study participants who became seropositive increased considerably after the booster dose (65.7%), from 38.0% when tested three months after infection.
UNASSIGNED: A significant increase in antibody titres amongst high-risk HCWs postboost vaccination demands continuous monitoring of soluble IgG levels for recommendations of vaccination schedules.

UNASSIGNED: Over the previous decades, violence against physicians has risen. To comprehend the issue connected with it, we need to know the nature of violence and doctor\'s views on the current state of safety at their disposal. The purpose of the study was to assess the incidence and nature of violence against doctors in tertiary health care centers in Karnataka, India.
UNASSIGNED: The objectives were to collect data from three tertiary care centers, evaluate the incidence of violence against doctors in tertiary care centers, and evaluate the nature of violence against doctors in tertiary care centers.
UNASSIGNED: From the list of all tertiary care centers in Dakshina Kannada, three tertiary care hospitals were randomly chosen. Approval of the Ethical Committee from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of KVG Dental College and permission from chosen hospitals were obtained. A pre-validated questionnaire was handed over to the available physicians and surgeons in these hospitals to be filled. The total number of participants in the study was 330.
UNASSIGNED: Nearly half (48.02% of physicians) reported experiencing violence during working hours. The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology recorded 43.2% of instances, while surgery, medicine, and other departments reported 23.6%, 22.8%, and 10.4%, respectively.
UNASSIGNED: Violence against physicians continues to be a huge issue that must be addressed through decisive measures by the police and hospitals. This impacts the healthcare system in the nation and often cripples it owing to the loss of human resources and working hours.

Background Contemporary medical education emphasizes that postgraduate clinicians should look at their daily experiences as an opportunity to learn and advance their knowledge and practice of medicine. This is the concept of reflective practice. Internal medicine trainees (IMT) in the UK are encouraged to record written reflections in their electronic portfolios but it is not a mandatory requirement. There is literature suggesting that the level of engagement with these written reflections is varied and that when these are produced, they can be superficial. Thus, the aim of this research was to ascertain what percentage of trainees engaged in written reflections and the factors that affected the likelihood they would reflect. There are no studies that have attempted to quantify de novo engagement with reflective practice and to quantify the significance of different theorized barriers to reflection. Methods This study was in the form of a quasi-experimental cross-sectional study. A 15-item survey was sent out to the IMT in the northwest deanery of England (n=592). The survey remained open for approximately three months with periodic reminders sent out to the trainees. The survey was closed to further responses when the number of responses reached the predetermined sample size of 240 (5% margin of error at a confidence interval of 95%). The data were analyzed by chi-square testing and represented using descriptive statistics. Results There were 243 responses to this survey. A total of 81.5% (n=198) wrote reflections in their portfolio and 19.5% (n=45) did not write any reflections. The main content of written reflections were clinical outcomes (positive and negative), teaching, and new learning. Several background factors had a statistically significant influence on the likelihood that trainees would write reflections in their portfolios. These included their stage of training, years practicing medicine, location of primary medical training, first exposure to reflective practice, and whether they have ever been tutored on reflection. Concerns about legal or General Medical Council (GMC) use of reflective notes against trainees also significantly impacted on reflection. The main perceived barriers to written reflections were the fact that trainees felt they had no time to properly reflect and the lack of perceived benefits from reflections. Conclusion Most trainees wrote reflections in their portfolios, but the majority did not perceive any benefits in doing this. The varied backgrounds of trainees seem to have an impact on their likelihood to reflect and strategies to increase engagement would need to address this.