白色念珠菌是一种常见的共生真菌,定植于口咽腔,胃肠道和阴道,和健康的个人皮肤。在50%的人口中,白色念珠菌是微生物群的正常菌群的一部分。念珠菌的各种临床表现范围从局部,皮肤浅表粘膜疾病到累及多器官系统并危及生命的侵袭性疾病。从系统和局部到遗传和环境,多种因素导致念珠菌的正常稳态紊乱,导致从正常菌群转变为致病性和机会性感染。感染发生和发展的病理生理学转变也受念珠菌毒力特征的影响,从而导致念珠菌病的发展。口腔念珠菌病具有广泛的临床表现,分为原发性和继发性念珠菌病。体内白色念珠菌的主要供应位于胃肠道,感染的发展是由于居住微生物群的生态失调,免疫功能障碍,以及粘膜-肠屏障的损伤.血液中白色念珠菌的存在与念珠菌菌血症侵袭性念珠菌感染有关。只要宿主免疫系统和白色念珠菌的毒力因子之间存在平衡,就存在共生关系。本文介绍了白色念珠菌的毒力特征和特定念珠菌病的临床表现。
Candida albicans is a common commensal fungus that colonizes the oropharyngeal cavity, gastrointestinal and vaginal tract, and healthy individuals\' skin. In 50% of the population, C. albicans is part of the normal flora of the microbiota. The various clinical manifestations of Candida species range from localized, superficial mucocutaneous disorders to invasive diseases that involve multiple organ systems and are life-threatening. From systemic and local to hereditary and environmental, diverse factors lead to disturbances in Candida\'s normal homeostasis, resulting in a transition from normal flora to pathogenic and opportunistic infections. The transition in the pathophysiology of the onset and progression of infection is also influenced by Candida\'s virulence traits that lead to the development of candidiasis. Oral candidiasis has a wide range of clinical manifestations, divided into primary and secondary candidiasis. The main supply of C. albicans in the body is located in the gastrointestinal tract, and the development of infections occurs due to dysbiosis of the residential microbiota, immune dysfunction, and damage to the muco-intestinal barrier. The presence of C. albicans in the blood is associated with candidemia-invasive Candida infections. The commensal relationship exists as long as there is a balance between the host immune system and the virulence factors of C. albicans. This paper presents the virulence traits of Candida albicans and clinical manifestations of specific candidiasis.