在2019年由严重急性呼吸道综合症冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)引起的冠状病毒病爆发之后,目前仍需要寻找针对COVID-19的药物。首先,新药研发周期长,投资成本高,而且风险很高。第二,必须评估新药的活性,功效,安全,和代谢表现,为开发周期做出贡献,投资成本,和风险。我们搜索了CochraneCOVID-19研究登记册(包括PubMed,Embase,中部,ClinicalTrials.gov,世卫组织ICTRP,和medRxiv),WebofScience(科学引文索引,新兴引文索引),和世卫组织COVID-19冠状病毒病全球文献,以确定截至2024年2月20日已完成和正在进行的研究。我们评估了药理作用,论文中16名候选人的体内和体外数据。在涉及COVID-19患者的临床试验中研究这些候选人的困难,再利用药物的剂量,等。详细讨论。最终,二甲双胍更适合预防性给药或轻度疾病患者;奥司他韦的组合,他莫昔芬,地塞米松适用于中度和重度患者;阿兹夫定需要更多的临床试验,利巴韦林,秋水仙碱,和西法兰碱,以证明疗效。
Following the coronavirus disease-2019 outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is an ongoing need to seek drugs that target COVID-19. First off, novel drugs have a long development cycle, high investment cost, and are high risk. Second, novel drugs must be evaluated for activity, efficacy, safety, and metabolic performance, contributing to the development cycle, investment cost, and risk. We searched the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register (including PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP, and medRxiv), Web of Science (Science Citation Index, Emerging Citation Index), and WHO COVID-19 Coronaviral Disease Global Literature to identify completed and ongoing studies as of February 20, 2024. We evaluated the pharmacological effects, in vivo and in vitro data of the 16 candidates in the paper. The difficulty of studying these candidates in clinical trials involving COVID-19 patients, dosage of repurposed drugs, etc. is discussed in detail. Ultimately, Metformin is more suitable for prophylactic administration or mildly ill patients; the combination of Oseltamivir, Tamoxifen, and Dexamethasone is suitable for moderately and severely ill patients; and more clinical trials are needed for Azvudine, Ribavirin, Colchicine, and Cepharanthine to demonstrate efficacy.