在所有细胞类型中,小型电动汽车,非常丰富的细胞外囊泡,在MVB胞内池内产生和积累。MVB与质膜融合和胞吐后,EV被释放到细胞外空间。在中枢神经系统中,神经元EV的释放被认为仅从身体和树突的表面发生。大约15年前,MVB池和EV被证明存在并在突触boutons起作用,对于典型神经递质释放至关重要的突触前和突触后末端结构。最近的研究表明,突触EV在许多方面都是独特的,并且与其他神经元EV不同。突触EV的分布及其特定分子的作用在其分布的关键位点被发现。突触EV的作用可能包括规范神经递质释放的调制或不同的,非规范形式的神经传递。突触EV的其他作用尚不完全清楚。在未来,更多的调查将阐明突触EV在病理学中的作用,关于,例如,电路,跨突触传递,疾病的诊断和治疗。
In all cell types, small EVs, very abundant extracellular vesicles, are generated and accumulated within MVB endocytic cisternae. Upon MVB fusion and exocytosis with the plasma membrane, the EVs are released to the extracellular space. In the central nervous system, the release of neuronal EVs was believed to occur only from the surface of the body and dendrites. About 15 years ago, MVB cisternae and EVs were shown to exist and function at synaptic boutons, the terminals\' pre- and post-synaptic structures essential for
canonical neurotransmitter release. Recent studies have revealed that synaptic EVs are peculiar in many respects and heterogeneous with respect to other neuronal EVs. The distribution of synaptic EVs and the effect of their specific molecules are found at critical sites of their distribution. The role of synaptic EVs could consist of the modulation of
canonical neurotransmitter release or a distinct, non-
canonical form of neurotransmission. Additional roles of synaptic EVs are still not completely known. In the future, additional investigations will clarify the role of synaptic EVs in pathology, concerning, for example, circuits, trans-synaptic transmission, diagnosis and the therapy of diseases.