■前列腺癌(PCa)的大部分自然病史为男性提供了探索生活方式干预益处的机会。目前的证据表明适当改变生活方式,包括饮食,使用或不使用膳食补充剂的体力活动(PA)和减轻压力可能会改善疾病结局和患者的心理健康。
■本文旨在回顾目前关于所有生活方式计划对PCa患者的益处的证据,包括那些旨在减少肥胖和压力的计划。探索它们对肿瘤生物学的影响,并强调任何具有临床实用性的生物标志物。
■证据来自PubMed和WebofScience,使用每个部分的关键词来说明生活方式干预对(a)心理健康的影响,(b)PCa患者的疾病结果和(c)生物标志物。PRISMA指南用于收集这三个部分的证据(15、44和16出版物,分别)。
■对于关注心理健康的生活方式研究,10/15表现出积极的影响,尽管对于那些侧重于巴勒斯坦权力机构的方案来说,这是7/8。同样,对于肿瘤学结果,26/44研究表明了积极的影响,尽管当PA被包括或主要焦点时,这是11/13。全血细胞计数(CBC)衍生的炎症生物标志物显示出希望,炎症细胞因子也是如此;然而,需要更深入地了解它们与PCa肿瘤发生相关的分子生物学(回顾了16项研究).
■根据目前的证据,对生活方式干预提出针对PCa的建议是困难的。然而,尽管患者人群和干预措施存在异质性,饮食改变和PA可以改善心理健康和肿瘤结果的证据是令人信服的,特别是对于中度至剧烈的PA。膳食补充剂的结果不一致,尽管一些生物标志物显示出希望,在它们具有临床效用之前,需要进行更多的研究。
UNASSIGNED: The mostly indolent natural history of prostate cancer (PCa) provides an opportunity for men to explore the benefits of lifestyle interventions. Current evidence suggests appropriate changes in lifestyle including diet, physical activity (PA) and stress reduction with or without dietary supplements may improve both disease outcomes and patient\'s mental health.
UNASSIGNED: This article aims to review the current evidence on the benefits of all lifestyle programmes for PCa patients including those aimed at reducing obesity and stress, explore their affect on tumour biology and highlight any biomarkers that have clinical utility.
UNASSIGNED: Evidence was obtained from PubMed and Web of Science using keywords for each section on the affects of lifestyle interventions on (a) mental health, (b) disease outcomes and (c) biomarkers in PCa patients. PRISMA guidelines were used to gather the evidence for these three sections (15, 44 and 16 publications, respectively).
UNASSIGNED: For lifestyle studies focused on mental health, 10/15 demonstrated a positive influence, although for those programmes focused on PA it was 7/8. Similarly for oncological outcomes, 26/44 studies demonstrated a positive influence, although when PA was included or the primary focus, it was 11/13. Complete blood count (CBC)-derived inflammatory biomarkers show promise, as do inflammatory cytokines; however, a deeper understanding of their molecular biology in relation to PCa oncogenesis is required (16 studies reviewed).
UNASSIGNED: Making PCa-specific recommendations on lifestyle interventions is difficult on the current evidence. Nevertheless, notwithstanding the heterogeneity of patient populations and interventions, the evidence that dietary changes and PA may improve both mental health and oncological outcomes is compelling, especially for moderate to vigorous PA. The results for dietary supplements are inconsistent, and although some biomarkers show promise, significantly more research is required before they have clinical utility.