分枝杆菌修复使用蘑菇形成真菌来修复被生物和非生物污染物污染的场所。许多真菌的根状菌丝,菌丝体,已经被用来修复土壤和水。在这项研究中,评估了蘑菇菌丝体生物滤池对含有抗生素抗性(AMR)细菌的乌鸦粪便污染的湿地水的修复效果。三株真菌,平菇,rugosoamonulata,和肺侧耳,被允许在圆柱形罐子内的木片上培养致密的菌丝体3-5周。将生物滤罐与从乌鸦栖息区获得的湿地水(WW)一起孵育,该湿地水还掺入了从先前的乌鸦粪便收集物中分离的AMR细菌。大肠杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,屎肠球菌,空肠弯曲杆菌,肺炎克雷伯菌,铜绿假单胞菌,以1,500-3,500CFU/100ml的浓度加入肠炎沙门氏菌。从细菌计数或基因拷贝数(GCN)计算修复,水通过罐子之前和之后。基质菌和肺假单胞菌生物过滤器修复了所有细菌,但是克雷伯菌,在43-78%的范围内,1小时后。将水孵育24小时显示,与其他测试真菌相比,基质菌的修复效果更好。修复百分比变化如下:金黄色葡萄球菌-100%,E.屎肠-97%,C.jejuni-59%,铜绿假单胞菌-54%,大肠杆菌-65%和肠炎沙门氏菌-27%。通过水通过后从生物过滤器柱中去除菌丝体来测试修复的机理,然后提取DNA。通过qPCR证明了所有细菌的细菌DNA与菌丝体的关联,除了金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌。取决于细菌,GCN范围为3,500至54,000/250mg菌丝体。因此,菌丝体生物过滤器减少水中细菌的一些方法是通过生物过滤和生物吸收。活跃的真菌生长和与细菌的密切接触似乎是去除所必需的。总体而言,这些结果表明,蘑菇菌丝体生物滤池具有有效修复被病原菌和AMR细菌污染的水的潜力。
Mycoremediation uses mushroom forming fungi for remediation of sites contaminated with biotic and abiotic contaminants. The root-like hyphae of many fungi, the mycelia, have been used to remediate soil and water. In this study mushroom mycelia biofilters were evaluated for remediation efficacy of wetland water polluted with crow feces containing antibiotic resistant (AMR) bacteria. Three strains of fungi, Pleurotus ostreatus, Stropharia rugosoannulata, and Pleurotus pulmonarius, were allowed to develop dense mycelia for 3-5 weeks on wood chips within cylindrical jars.
Biofilter jars were incubated with wetland water (WW) obtained from a crow roost area that was additionally spiked with AMR bacteria isolated from previous crow fecal collections. E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Campylobacter jejuni, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enteritidis were added at concentrations of 1,500-3,500 CFU/100 ml. Remediation was calculated from bacterial counts or gene copy numbers (GCN), before and after passage of water through jars. Stropharia and P. pulmonarius biofilters remediated all bacteria, but Klebsiella, in the range of 43-78%, after 1 h. Incubation of water for 24 h showed Stropharia remediation to be superior relative to other tested fungi. Percent remediation varied as follows: S. aureus-100%, E. faecium-97%, C. jejuni-59%, P. aeruginosa-54%, E. coli-65% and S. enteritidis-27%. The mechanism of remediation was tested by removing the mycelium from the
biofilter column after passage of water, followed by extraction of DNA. Association of bacterial DNA with the mycelia was demonstrated by qPCR for all bacteria, except S. aureus and Salmonella. Depending on the bacteria, the GCN ranged from 3,500 to 54,000/250 mg of mycelia. Thus, some of the ways in which mycelia biofilters decrease bacteria from water are through bio-filtration and bio-absorption. Active fungal growth and close contact with bacteria appear necessary for removal. Overall these results suggest that mushroom mycelia biofilters have the potential to effectively remediate water contaminated with pathogenic and AMR bacteria.