There have been many studies on the adverse effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines but the urinary incontinence after COVID-19 vaccination is rare. Here, we report an 8-year-old boy presented to outpatient department, Thai Binh University of Medicine Hospital, Thai Binh, Vietnam with complaints of urinary incontinence for the past 2 weeks, following the first dose of the messenger RNA vaccine. He had no other abnormalities in clinical and laboratory exams. This clinical situation suggested vaccine side effects. No specific treatment was administered upon diagnosis without toilet and bladder training. Subsequent monitoring revealed a gradual reduction in symptoms over 2 months, with complete recovery achieved at the 14th week from the onset of symptoms, without necessitating any medical intervention. This case highlights the need for thorough evaluation and assessment of potential adverse effects following vaccination, including uncommon presentations.

UNASSIGNED: Head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC) is the sixth most common neoplasm, with a 40-50% overall survival rate. HNSC standard treatment depends on tumor size, metastasis or human papillomavirus (HPV) status including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The last two may lead to defects in the tumor microenvironment and cancer cell biology as disorders in DNA damage repair systems. Here, we evaluate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2228001 in the XPC gene with the early and late adverse effects of radiotherapy, determine the distribution of the SNP and post-treatment follow-up in HNSC patients.
UNASSIGNED: Head and neck cancer tissues and clinical data were obtained from 79 patients. The SNP of the XPC gene (rs2228001) was evaluated with polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The chi-square test was used to determine the correlation between mutation and adverse effects occurrence.
UNASSIGNED: Single nucleotide polymorphism rs2228001 in the XPC gene is correlated with the early adverse effect of skin reaction and the late adverse effect of elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the HNSC patients.

UNASSIGNED: Emergency use of remdesivir was approved for COVID-19 in some countries. Based on the promising results of remdesivir, the most common side effects were nausea, worsening respiratory failure, increased alanine aminotransferase levels, and constipation. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of elevated liver enzymes in patients with COVID-19 receiving remdesivir.
UNASSIGNED: In this retrospective study, information was collected from patients\' files. The study population included patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 who were admitted to Rouhani Babol Hospital. For daily patient selection, the list of patients was extracted from the system, and based on the census, the patient file was selected. Data were analyzed using Stata 16.
UNASSIGNED: 620 patients suffering from moderate to severe COVID-19 were included in this study, 43% of whom were men. Of these patients, 120 were selected as the control group who did not receive remdesivir. The increase in liver enzymes in patients receiving remdesivir compared with the control, for alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), respectively, was 6.20 and 3.64 times, but it was not statistically significant for alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Also, the increase in bilirubin levels in patients receiving remdesivir was not statistically significant.
UNASSIGNED: The recipients of remdesivir had high liver enzymes, which is one of the possible side effects of this drug. The intensity of the enzymes was mild and moderate, and they were not dangerous to the health of any of the consumers. Deaths in patients with COVID-19 were not due to drug-induced liver complications but to other factors such as disease-related complications.

Antimoniate therapy, in association with allopurinol, is one of the first-line treatments of canine leishmaniasis (CanL). This study evaluates the potential adverse effects associated with aNm in the treatment of CanL through both a retrospective analysis and a long-term prospective study also aimed to investigate its efficacy. The retrospective study reviewed records of 87 dogs with CanL with at least one follow-up available during or at the end of therapy with aNm (Glucantime®) at a dose of 50 mg/kg administered subcutaneously twice a day in association with allopurinol. In total, 29.8% of dogs showed adverse effects during treatment as local reactions at the injection site (n = 6), severe systemic reaction to pain (originating from the inoculation site) with depression and anorexia (n = 4), systemic disease due to renal function worsening (n = 4), acute pancreatitis (n = 1), diarrhea (n = 5), vomiting (n = 3) and severe idiosyncratic skin reactions (n = 3). Of these dogs, 13 (14.9%) required treatment suspension. The prospective study included 16 dogs, selected among the LeishVet stages II and III CKD IRIS stage 1 (International Renal Interest Society staging of canine Chronic Kidney Disease) and treated with the same aNm plus allopurinol protocol as in the retrospective study and observed for 360 days; 2 dogs were excluded for severe reactions at the injection site. Mild and transient adverse events were reported in the other 4 dogs. The criteria used to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with aNm were as follows: a reduction in the clinical score and improvement and/or normalization of laboratory parameters, negativization of PCR on the bone marrow samples and disease-free interval time. The proportion of reduction in the clinical score reached 91.9% at D180. No animals showed clinical laboratory relapse during the whole study duration and interestingly, the PCR results showed complete negativity between D0 and D60 in 78.5% of animals. Veterinarians must be vigilant regarding the potentially serious adverse effects associated with aNm and promptly stop drug administration if unexpected clinical manifestations occur. On the other hand, they should not discard its use for CanL treatment since it is confirmed that aNm in association with allopurinol is highly effective in controlling CanL.

The widespread adoption of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity and diabetes has raised concerns about their potential adverse effects, including the induction of depression and suicide ideation. We report on a male patient in his early 50s with a complex medical history, including adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder, narcolepsy with cataplexy, and major depressive disorder in remission, who experienced exacerbated hemiplegic migraines after initiating treatment with an injectable GLP-1 agonist (Saxenda) for weight loss. Despite a previous history of experiencing hemiplegic migraines once or twice a year, the patient reported daily occurrences of migraines, many of which were hemiplegic, during the 60 days of GLP-1 agonist treatment. The migraines abated only upon discontinuation of the medication. This case underscores the need to carefully consider patient history and potential genetic predispositions when prescribing GLP-1 agonists, highlighting the complex interactions between these medications, existing comorbidities, and the dopaminergic and calcitonin gene-related peptide pathways. Our findings suggest that GLP-1 agonists, while beneficial for some, may pose significant risks for patients with specific genetic backgrounds or neurological conditions, calling for personalized approaches to treatment and increased awareness of potential adverse effects.

When self-administration with counterfeit or mislabeled medicine is suspected, comprehensive laboratory analysis should be preferred over immunoassay screening to avoid false negative results. Carisoprodol, which was formerly a popular muscle relaxant drug in many countries, has reappeared on illegal drug markets, and may cause an itching, purple-colored rash, even after a single dose.

UNASSIGNED: Malposition is a relatively rare complication associated with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), particularly in cases of superficial femoral vein (SFV) catheterization. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report this rare case of SFV PICC malposition in the contralateral renal vein.
UNASSIGNED: An 82-year-old woman underwent bedside cannulation of the SFV for PICC under ultrasound guidance. Subsequent radiographic examination revealed an unexpected misplacement, with the catheter tip positioned toward the contralateral renal vein. After pulling out the catheter on the basis of the X-ray result, it was observed that the catheter retained its function.
UNASSIGNED: Although rare, tip misplacement should be considered in SFV PICC placement. Prompt correction of the tip position is crucial to prevent catheter malfunction and further catastrophic consequences. For critical patients receiving bedside SFV PICC insertion, postoperational X-ray is crucial for enhancing safety.

UNASSIGNED: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines play an essential role in boosting immunity, preventing severe diseases, and alleviating the Covid-19 health crisis.
UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to explore the type and severity of short-term adverse reactions associated with BNT162 (Pfizer-BioNTech), mRNA 1273 (Moderna), and viral vector vaccines and to compare the incidence of post-vaccination Covid-19 infection among the Birzeit University community in Palestine.
UNASSIGNED: This questionnaire-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals who were vaccinated with at least one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine offered in Palestine during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included participants aged 18 years and older who were vaccinated with Pfizer, Moderna, Sputnik Light, or Sputnik v.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 558 participants who were administered COVID-19 vaccine were included in the study. Sputnik (239), Pfizer vaccine recipients (236), and Moderna vaccine recipients (83). Of the viral vector vaccine recipients, 57 (23.8%) had a post-vaccination infection, compared to 30 (12.7%) for Pfizer and seven (8.4%) for Moderna. Furthermore, the reported adverse effects in the viral victor group were higher than those in the Moderna and Pfizer groups (71.7, 66.3, and 61.9%, respectively). Chills, headache, fatigue, abdominal pain, and joint pain were significantly higher in the Viral Vector vaccine group than the Moderna and Pfizer vaccine. Vomiting, tiredness, and fatigue were significantly less likely to be complained of by Pfizer vaccine recipients compared to Moderna and Viral Vector vaccine recipients (p < 0.05).
UNASSIGNED: Breakthrough infections were associated with both viral vectors and mRNA; however, the mRNA vaccine had less reported post-vaccine infection. Furthermore, the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine group reported fewer commonly reported side effects (fever, chills, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain, nausea, and dizziness), followed by the Moderna and viral vector vaccines. Females and underweight participants experienced more adverse effects with both vaccines, and fewer common side effects were reported by all participants.

OBJECTIVE: Endometriosis and adenomyosis are two common diseases that impair women\'s health, and dienogest is one of the pharmacologic treatments which is the first-line therapeutic option for patients with pelvic pain and individuals who have no desire for immediate pregnancy. The goal of this study was to summarize the current evidence of adverse events associated with dienogest as well as the prevalence of these adverse events during treatment with dienogest.
METHODS: Several databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central and Clinicaltrials.gov, etc.) and the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Public Dashboard were searched on May 31, 2023, using the topic words alongside free words of dienogest and \"adverse reaction\". Studies were incorporated into this research if they reported or assessed safety issues or adverse reactions of dienogest during the period of endometriosis treatment or adenomyosis therapy. The extracted information comprised trial design, dienogest and control group demographics, as well as reported side effects.
RESULTS: This systematic review comprehended 39 publications in total. The mean age of patients in the included studies was 34.43 years. The follow-up duration varied from 3 to 60 months. Most adverse reactions were common and not serious, and the most common adverse reactions during dienogest medication were abnormal uterine bleeding (55%, 95% CI 37-73%), amenorrhea (17%, 95% CI 2-42%) and swelling (13%, 95% CI 3-28%). Uncommon adverse reactions included dysmenorrhea (0.2%, n = 1), dyspepsia (0.4%, n = 1), and (lower) abdominal pain (1%, 95% CI 0-3%), urticaria (1%, 95% CI 0-3%) and peritonitis (1%, n = 1). Serious adverse reactions including decreased lumbar spine Bone Mineral Density (BMD), depression, peritonitis and so on have been reported. Heterogeneity assessment revealed that patient number and study design are influencing factors to adverse reaction prevalence. Moreover, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, back pain and anemia are side effects reported both in the FAERS database and in the systematic review.
CONCLUSIONS: Dienogest\'s most frequent side effects were not severe. Dienogest is generally safe for treating endometriosis and adenomyosis. Nevertheless, people should be aware of serious adverse reactions, such as decreased lumbar spine BMD and hemorrhagic shock.

Aim Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the primary cause of cancer-related mortality among women. Advances in medical science have led to chemotherapy drugs that significantly reduce cancer mortality and increase patient\'s life expectancy. However, the systemic nature of chemotherapy leads to a wide range of physical and psychosocial challenges. Chemotherapy is usually given on an outpatient basis and hence patients have to manage treatment-related symptoms at home. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of early health intervention programs, specifically health education and progressive muscle relaxation, in managing the adverse effects of chemotherapy among women with breast cancer. Methods A randomized controlled trial was carried out at the chemotherapy unit of a tertiary care hospital in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. The research involved 340 female breast cancer patients receiving their initial chemotherapy cycle, divided equally into an experimental group and a control group. Patients in the intervention group received an early health intervention program on the day of their first chemotherapy cycle. These interventions included a 40-minute session comprising health education to manage the adverse effects of chemotherapy at home and a demonstration of progressive muscle relaxation techniques, which must be practiced by the patients two times daily till the end of chemotherapy. Participants in the control group received routine care from the hospital. The primary outcome variable was the adverse effects of chemotherapy. Sociodemographic and clinical information were collected using a structured questionnaire. The severity of adverse effects was assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3 (CTCAE v3). Result The average age of participants was 54.7 ± 9.7 years in the control group and 52.4 ± 9 years in the experimental group. The majority in both groups had invasive breast cancer, with 144 (84.7%) in the control group and 153 (90%) in the experimental group. In the post-test, most participants in the control group experienced severe fatigue (136, 80%), mucositis (82, 48.2%), nausea (83, 49.1%), and vomiting (81, 47.6%). Conversely, the majority in the experimental group reported mild mucositis (110, 64.7%), nausea (92, 54.1%), and vomiting (93, 54.7%), along with moderate fatigue (116, 68.2%). Hair loss was incomplete for all participants in the control group and 115 (97.6%) participants in the experimental group. There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding fatigue (p < 0.001), insomnia (p < 0.01), anorexia (p < 0.01), mucositis (p < 0.01), nausea (p < 0.01), vomiting (p < 0.01), leukopenia (p = 0.001), neutrophil count (p < 0.01), hair loss (p < 0.05), and taste alteration (p < 0.01) during the post-test. Conclusion The study demonstrated that early health interventions, such as health education and progressive muscle relaxation, significantly reduced the adverse effects experienced by breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. This suggests that providing supportive education and exercise training to both patients and caregivers can be beneficial in managing these side effects.