UNASSIGNED: Gross motor coordination (GMC) plays a crucial factor in children\'s motor development and daily activities. It encompasses various sub-capacities, such as spatial orientation, rhythm, and motor reaction, collectively referred to as basic coordination capacities (BCC). However, children who are overweight and obese (OW/OB) often display poorer GMC. This study aims to examine the impact of gender and weight status (BMI categories) on children\'s GMC and BCC. It also seeks to investigate the impact of BCC and BMI on GMC.
UNASSIGNED: The study involved 266 participants, 135 in the NW group (boys: n = 75; girls: n = 60) and 131 in the OW/OB group (boys: n = 68; girls: n = 63). An NW status is defined by a BMI z-score between ≥-2SD to ≤1SD, while an OW/OB status corresponds to a BMI z-score > 1SD. Physical activity was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children, developed by the University of Saskatchewan, Canada. We used six field tests to evaluate BCC, including single leg standing test (static balance), YBT (dynamic balance), rhythmic sprint test (rhythm), reaction time test (motor reaction), target standing broad test (kinesthetic differentiation), and numbered medicine ball running test (spatial orientation). GMC was evaluated with Kiphard-Schilling\'s Body Coordination Test (KTK).
UNASSIGNED: The motor quotient (MQ) was primarily affected by weight status (F = 516.599, p < 0.001; gender: F = 6.694, p = 0.01), with no significant interaction effect (F = 0.062, p = 0.803). In BCC, gender had a significant main effect on rhythm capacity (F = 29.611, p < 0.001) and static balance (F = 11.257, p = 0.001) but did not significant influence other sub-capacities (p > 0.05). Weight status impacted dynamic balance (F = 11.164, p = 0.001). The interaction of gender and weight status significantly impacted motor reaction (F = 1.471, p = 0.024) and kinesthetic differentiation (F = 5.454, p = 0.02), but did not affect other sub-capacities (p > 0.05). The physical activity was not significant affected by gender (F = 0.099, p = 0.753), weight status (F = 0.171, p = 0.679) and the interactions of two variables (F = 0.06, p = 0.806). In the regression analysis, except motor reaction (p > 0.05), other BCC sub-capacities influenced GMC to varying extents (β = -0.103-0.189, p < 0.05). Nonetheless, only two types of balance significantly mediated the relationship between BMI and GMC (BMI→MQ: β = -0.543, p < 0.001; BMI→YBT: β = -0.315, p < 0.001; BMI→SLS: β = -0.282, p < 0.001; SLS→MQ: β = 0.189, p < 0.001; YBT→MQ: β = 0.182, p < 0.001).
UNASSIGNED: Compared to gender, the main effect of weight status on most GMC and BCC\'s sub-capacities was more pronounced. OW/OB children exhibited poorer GMC, which is related to their reduced static and dynamic balance due to excess weight. Kinesthetic differentiation, spatial orientation, and rhythm capacity are not significantly associated with BMI, but these sub-capacities positively influence gross motor coordination (GMC), except for hand-eye motor reaction.

UNASSIGNED: To explore the association between VPA and weight status in adolescents.
UNASSIGNED: The 2017/2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey (HBSC) targeted children and adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15. A systematic multistage stratified cluster randomized sampling method was used in each participating country. The 2017/2018 survey enrolled over 240,951 adolescents across 45 countries and regions. Frequency of VPA, weight status and confounding factors were collected using a self-reported questionnaire.
UNASSIGNED: Compared to daily VPA, less frequent VPA was linked to higher odds of obesity. For example, those who participating in VPA for 4-6 times a week (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06-1.13), 2-3 times a week (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.17-1.25), or once a week (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.16-1.25) all have higher odds of abnormal weight status. For boys, the frequency of 4-6 times a week (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.04-1.13), 2-3 times a week (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.17-1.27), or once a week (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.19-1.32) were associated with higher odds of abnormal weight status. For girls, those who participating in VPA 4-6 times a week (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.06-1.16), 2-3 times a week (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.14-1.25), or once a week (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.11-1.23) all have higher odds of abnormal weight status (i.e., overweight or obesity).
UNASSIGNED: This population-based study suggests that infrequent VPA participation is associated with unhealthy weight status in adolescents compared to their physically active counterparts. Additionally, this association remains consistent in both boys and girls.

This study examines the association between gender expression, weight status, and the risk of experiencing eating disorders among gender-diverse adults assigned male at birth living in Bangkok, Thailand. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires to provide demographic data and anthropometric measures, and an Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) to determine the risk of experiencing eating disorders. The associations between gender expression, weight status, and the risk of experiencing eating disorders were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models. No significant differences were observed in weight-related variables based on gender expression. Participants self-described as feminine/androgynous had lower odds of experiencing a high risk of eating disorders compared to those self-described as masculine (odds ratio (OR) = 0.49; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.27, 0.88). A higher body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.14) and BMI discrepancy (OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.24) were associated with higher odds of engaging in extreme weight-control behaviors. The risk of experiencing eating disorders among Thai gender-diverse adults assigned male at birth could differ across gender expression and weight status. Further research is needed to expand the understanding of these relationships and develop tailored intervention programs to mitigate the risk.

UNASSIGNED: Childhood obesity is a worldwide critical health concern. We aimed to clarify whether eating behaviours increased the risk of childhood obesity.
UNASSIGNED: We recruited 2,049 pre-school children aged 3-6 years between 1 December 2021 and 31 January 2022 in Taizhou, China. Children\'s weight status was classified according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria, and their eating behaviours were evaluated using the Children\'s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Correlation analyses, linear regressions, and one-way ANCOVA. were performed to analyse the association between children\'s eating behaviours and weight status.
UNASSIGNED: In \'Food Avoidant\' subscales, the scores of satiety responsiveness (P < 0.001) and slowness in eating (P = 0.001) were negatively associated with body mass index z score among pre-school children of both sexes. In \'Food Approach\' subscales, the score of enjoyment of food was positively associated with body mass index z score in both boys (P = 0.007) and girls (P = 0.035), but the association of scores of food responsiveness with body mass index z score was found only in girls (P = 0.001).
UNASSIGNED: Our results supported that pre-school children with low scores in \'Food Avoidant\' subscales and high scores in \'Food Approach\' scales were more likely to become obese.

Childhood overweight and obesity are increasing public concerns. However, little is known about the transition patterns of childhood weight status, especially in developing countries. In this study, we aimed to evaluate patterns of change in weight status and the risk factors among Chinese school-age children.
This retrospective cohort study included 2,334 children aged 6 years with complete 5-year (2012-2017) physical examination data in Minhang District, Shanghai. A time-homogeneous three-state Markov model was fit to the longitudinal data with dynamic outcomes (normal weight, overweight, and obesity).
According to the Markov model, 42.3% of school-age children who were initially overweight transitioned to another weight status within 1 year, with 24.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23.1, 27.0) transitioning to normal weight and 17.5% (95% CI: 15.9, 19.3) becoming obese. In contrast, children who were initially normal weight (92.9% [95% CI: 92.3, 93.5]) or obese (83.1% [95% CI: 81.1, 84.8]) tended to maintain their initial weight status. Male sex, semi-urban area, absence of late adiposity rebound, lower annual height increments, higher annual weight increments, and higher initial body mass index were significantly associated with a higher risk of developing or maintaining overweight and obesity (p < 0.05).
The weight status of Chinese school-age children is more likely to change among those who are initially overweight than in those who are initially obese. Interventions to promote healthy weight status may be more effective if key groups are targeted, such as overweight and pre-school-age children.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of telomere length (TL) with prediabetes/diabetes and to explore the potential factors affecting TL among individuals with prediabetes/diabetes by weight status.
METHODS: This study included 3,379 eligible adults (aged 45-85 years, males: 42%) from the US Health and Retirement Study in 2008. TL was assayed using quantitative PCR of saliva (T/S ratio). Linear and nonlinear associations between TL and prediabetes/diabetes were assessed using the logistic regression and restricted cubic spline model, respectively, adjusting for TL-plate numbers, age, sex, race, body mass index, lifestyles, diabetes medications, and cardiometabolic parameters (blood pressure, C-reactive protein, and total cholesterol). Multiple linear regression was used for testing any factors associated with TL.
RESULTS: Among 3,379 participants, 868 (25.7%) had prediabetes with a mean TL of 1.34 ± 0.37 (T/S ratio) and 858 (25.4%) had diabetes with a mean TL of 1.36 ± 0.43 (T/S ratio). Neither linear nor nonlinear association of TL with prediabetes/diabetes was significant by weight status. Age was negatively associated with TL in both normal-weight (β = - 0.002, p = 0.025) and overweight/obese (β = - 0.002, p = 0.006) prediabetes, but non-significant in normal-weight and overweight/obese diabetes. BMI and cardiometabolic parameters were not associated with TL in prediabetes/diabetes by weight status.
CONCLUSIONS: Salivary TL was not associated with prediabetes/diabetes among the US middle-aged and older adults. Further longitudinal studies are required to establish the link between TL and diabetes development and to identify potential factors affecting TL shortening, particularly in normal-weight diabetic patients.

UNASSIGNED: The findings of the association between maternal polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels during pregnancy and offspring weight status are controversial. Furthermore, few studies have focused on Asian populations or used erythrocyte membranes as biological markers. We aimed to examine the associations between maternal erythrocyte PUFA and offspring weight status within the first 2 years among the Chinese population.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 607 mother-child pairs were recruited from a birth cohort. Maternal erythrocyte n-3 and n-6 PUFA during pregnancy were measured by gas chromatography, and the ratio of PUFA was calculated. Weight- and body mass index (BMI)-for-age z (WAZ and BAZ) scores were calculated for offspring at 1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. The risk of overweight and obesity was defined by the WHO criterion. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model was carried out for repeated anthropometric data within 2 years of age.
UNASSIGNED: Maternal erythrocyte docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, n-3) was inversely associated with offspring BAZ score [tertile 2 vs. tertile 1, β: -0.18 (-0.29, -0.00)]. Higher maternal erythrocyte arachidonic acid (AA) was inversely associated with lower offspring WAZ and BAZ [tertile 3 vs. tertile 1, β: -0.18 (-0.35, -0.02), -0.22 (-0.38, -0.06), respectively]. Furthermore, higher maternal erythrocyte AA [tertile 3 vs. tertile 1, odds ratio [OR]: 0.52 (0.36, 0.75), p trend < 0.001] and total n-6 PUFA [tertile 3 vs. tertile 1, OR: 0.56 (0.39, 0.81), p trend = 0.002] were associated with decreased risk of overweight and obesity in offspring. Maternal erythrocyte n-6/n-3 PUFA and AA/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratios were not associated with offspring weight status.
UNASSIGNED: Maternal erythrocyte PUFA might influence offspring weight status within 2 years of age in the Chinese population. Further Asian studies are still needed.

The association between weight status and bullying experience is well established, but little is known about the association between overweight or obesity and bullying behaviors among children and adolescents.
The aim of this study was to provide updated evidence on the association between weight status and exposure to bullying among school children and adolescents.
All literature published not later than December 12, 2019 was obtained from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO databases. The odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used to measure the effect size. Results were combined using random-effects or fixed-effects meta-analysis, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore potential heterogeneity moderator factors.
This meta-analysis included 26 studies on the association between obesity overweight and bullying. Overall, children and adolescents with obesity had greater odds of experiencing bullying than their counterparts with healthy weight. Children and adolescents with obesity (OR = 1.46, 95 % CI:1.31-1.62), and overweight (OR = 1.24, 95 % CI: 1.17-1.32) were more likely to experience bullying than their normal weight peers. With regards to gender, boys with obesity experienced an increased risk of bullying behaviors than girls with obesity (OR = 1.40, 95 % CI: 1.30-1.50). Similarly, boys with overweight experienced an increased risk of bullying behaviors than girls with overweight (OR = 1.19, 95 % CI:1.06-1.34).
The present results suggest that children and adolescents must be protected from bullying, especially those that are children and adolescents with obesity overweight and effective strategies are needed to reduce bullying behaviors among children and adolescents in schools.

Xinjiang is an economically underdeveloped area in China, but the obesity rate of children and adolescents is increasing year by year. Physical fitness and body mass index (BMI) are very important factors for healthy development, whereas few studies focus on the relationship between them in this region. This study aimed to explore the relationship between physical fitness and BMI of children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 in Xinjiang.
A total of 17,356 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years were involved. BMI was divided into five levels by percentiles, from very low to very high. Physical fitness was evaluated by five indicators: grip strength, standing long jump, sit-and-reach, 50 m dash, and endurance running. Single-factor analysis of variance was used to compare the Z-scores of the five physical fitness indicators among different BMI levels for the four age groups by gender. A nonlinear quadratic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between BMI and each indicator in the four age groups.
There is a significant correlation between the five health-related indicators (grip strength, standing long jump, sit and reach, 50 m dash, endurance run) at two age groups (13-15 yrs., 16-18 yrs) of children and adolescents in Xinjiang, China. The range of the Pearson coefficient is 0.048 ~ 0.744. For the other two age groups (7-9 yrs., 10-12 yrs.,) significant correlations are found only in some indicators, and the Pearson coefficient ranges from 0.002 to 0.589. The relationship between BMI and physical fitness presents an U-shaped or inverted U-shaped curve in most age groups(R2 ranges from - 0.001 to 0.182. Children and adolescents with normal BMI score higher on physical fitness tests, and boys (R2 ranges from - 0.001 to 0.182) are more pronounced than girls (R2 ranges from 0.001 to 0.031).
Children and adolescents with a BMI above or below the normal ranges have lower physical fitness than those with normal BMI. BMI and physical fitness have an U-shaped or inverted U-shaped curve relationship, and the impact is more evident in boys than girls. Targeted actions such as improving the quality of physical education classes, advocating students to keep a balanced diet and physical exercise should be taken designedly.

Background: Some studies from high-income countries suggest that overweight and/or obesity in children are negatively associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, the relationship between weight status and HRQOL is not well established in China, where obesity trends follow a different pattern compared with high-income countries. The risk of obesity is greater in children from higher socioeconomic backgrounds and higher in boys compared with girls. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between weight status and HRQOL in children between 6 and 7 years old in this unique country context. Methods: Baseline HRQOL and demographic data were collected from children recruited to the CHIRPY DRAGON obesity prevention trial in China. HRQOL was measured using the Chinese version of the Child Health Utility-9D (CHU-9D-CHN) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) instruments. CHU-9D-CHN utility scores were generated using 2 scoring algorithms (UK and Chinese tariffs). Height and weight measures were taken at school by trained researchers using standardized methods, and BMI z scores were calculated using the World Health Organization 2007 growth charts. The relationship between HRQOL and weight status was examined using multivariable analyses, adjusting for age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Results: Full data were available for 1539 children (mean age, 6 years). In both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, HRQOL, using both the CHU-9D-CHN and the PedsQL™, was marginally higher in children who were overweight or living with obesity compared with children with healthy weight, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. Separate analyses and models by gender showed that the relationship between weight status and HRQOL scores was similar in boys and girls. Conclusions: Our results suggest no statistically significant difference in HRQOL between children with overweight/obesity compared with those with healthy weight. These results have implications for the methods of economic evaluation for obesity treatment and prevention interventions within this population cohort and country setting, as there appears to be no discernible consequences on children\'s HRQOL from living with overweight and obesity.