在自来水中经常检测到卤化苯醌(HBQs)。HBQ水平与水龄相关。随着水传输距离(水龄)的增加,在存在余氯的情况下,饮用水分配系统中溴-苯醌(Br-BQs)的水平降低,氯-苯醌(Cl-BQs)的水平保持相对稳定。2,3,5,6-四氯-1,4-苯醌(TCBQ)和2,6-二溴-1,4-苯醌(DBBQ)是最丰富的Cl-BQ和Br-BQ,最大浓度为60.2和181.4ng/L,分别。选择TCBQ和DBBQ作为HBQ的代表,以研究它们与氯的反应,包括动力学,通路,和毒性的变化。HBQs的水解和氯化速率显著依赖于pH,在5-10的pH范围内,DBBQ的动力学速率快于TCBQ。氯化将高毒性的TCBQ和DBBQ转化为毒性较小的氯化/溴化脂肪族消毒副产物(DBPs),从而降低水体的整体毒性。这项研究为饮用水中TCBQ和DBBQ的不同生命周期提供了全面的见解,覆盖地层,改造,和毒性。这些发现提供了一个细致入微的理解HBQs在饮用水分配系统内的不同位置所带来的风险,为改善饮用水中DBPs的控制提供了有价值的指导。
Halogenated benzoquinones (HBQs) are frequently detected in tap water. HBQ levels are correlated with water age. As the water-transmission distance (water age) increases, the levels of bromo-benzoquinones (Br-BQs) decreased and those of chloro-benzoquinones (Cl-BQs) remained relatively stable in drinking water-distribution system in the presence of residual chlorine. 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (TCBQ) and 2,6-dibromo-1,4-benzoquinone (DBBQ) were the most abundant Cl-BQ and Br-BQ, with maximum concentrations of 60.2 and 181.4 ng/L, respectively. TCBQ and DBBQ were chosen as representatives of HBQs to investigate their reactions with chlorine, including kinetics, pathways, and changes in toxicity. The hydrolysis and chlorination rates of HBQs were significantly pH-dependent, and the kinetic rates of DBBQ were faster than TCBQ in the pH range of 5-10. Chlorination converted highly toxic TCBQ and DBBQ to less-toxic chlorinated/brominated aliphatic disinfection by-products (DBPs), thereby reducing the overall toxicity of water bodies. This study provides comprehensive insights into the distinct life cycles of TCBQ and DBBQ in drinking water, covering formation, transformation, and toxicity. These findings provide a nuanced understanding of the risks posed by HBQs at various locations within the drinking water distribution system, offering valuable guidance for improving the control of DBPs in drinking water.