运动认知风险(MCR)综合征是一种痴呆前疾病,以阿尔茨海默病(AD)和血管性痴呆的风险增加为标志,连同瀑布,残疾,异常动作。研究表明,在痴呆和加速功能衰退期间,神经系统和非神经系统的临床步态异常明显,如姿势和平衡障碍,记忆丧失,认知失败,和代谢功能障碍。MCR的禁用特征包括改变的传入感觉和传出运动反应,连同中断的视觉,前庭,和本体感受成分。MCR的病理基础与额叶腔隙性梗死有关,白质高强度(WMH),运动前和前额叶皮层的灰质萎缩,胆碱能功能异常,炎症反应,和遗传因素。Further,脑血管病变和心血管疾病加剧了疾病的病理。MCR的诊断是通过神经心理学测试进行的,生物标志物测定,影像学检查,基于问卷的评估,和运动功能测试,包括步行速度,双任务步态测试,和步行能力。从MCR恢复可能包括认知,物理,社会活动,锻炼,饮食,营养补充剂,对症药物治疗,和限制疾病进展的生活习惯。心理治疗咨询,抗抑郁药,和维生素可以支持运动和认知的改善,主要通过恢复性途径。然而,对不动关联的深入理解,痴呆症,和认知应激与MCR需要额外的临床和临床前研究。它们可能在减少MCR综合征和痴呆风险方面有重要贡献。总的来说,本综述揭示了MCR中步态表现和认知之间的重要联系,并强调了未来研究在痴呆性疾病的识别和治疗中的有用性.
The motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is a pre-dementia condition, marked by the enhanced risk for Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) and vascular dementia, together with falls, disability, and abnormal movements. The research studies revealed the distinct neurological and non-neurological clinical gait irregularities during dementia and accelerated functional decline, such as postural and balance impairments, memory loss, cognitive failure, and metabolic dysfunctions. The disabling characteristics of MCR comprise altered afferent sensory and efferent motor responses, together with disrupted visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive components. The pathological basis of MCR relates with the frontal lacunar infarcts, white matter hyperintensity (WMH), gray matter atrophy in the pre-motor and pre-frontal cortex, abnormal cholinergic functioning, inflammatory responses, and genetic factors. Further, cerebrovascular lesions and cardiovascular disorders exacerbate the disease pathology. The diagnosis of MCR is carried out through neuropsychological tests, biomarker assays, imaging studies, questionnaire-based evaluation, and motor function tests, including walking speed, dual-task gait tests, and ambulation ability. Recovery from MCR may include cognitive, physical, and social activities, exercise, diet, nutritional supplements, symptomatic drug treatment, and lifestyle habits that restrict the disease progression. Psychotherapeutic counseling, anti-depressants, and vitamins may support motor and cognitive improvement, primarily through the restorative pathways. However, an in-depth understanding of the association of immobility, dementia, and cognitive stress with MCR requires additional clinical and pre-clinical studies. They may have a significant contribution in reducing MCR syndrome and the risk for dementia. Overall, the current review informs the vital connection between gait performance and cognition in MCR and highlights the usefulness of future research in the discernment and treatment of dementiating illness.