Some studies have found that clinical practice has caused great pressure and negative psychological experience to nursing students. Therefore, this study aimed to identify psychological experience at different internship stages among internship nurses.
A qualitative study.
In this qualitative study, one-to-one in-depth interviews and mixed data analysis strategies were conducted among internship nurses from May 2018 to February 2019.
The pressure of the initial stage was operational pressure (80.0%), intermediate stage was nurse-patient communication (50.0%), and last stage was employment pressure (70.6%). Nursing students mainly expected to improve their operational and communication skills, and to acquire clinical experience, thinking ability and frontier knowledge. 62.5% students said ambivalent on \"let us practice with being monitored,\" especially in the last stage (88.2%). Clinical nursing teaching should pay attention to this dynamic experience and their factors and take corresponding measures to improve the quality of internship.

OBJECTIVE: This qualitative study aimed to explore multidisciplinary members\' perceptions and expectations of advanced geriatric nursing role development in primary health care.
METHODS: A multi-center, cross-sectional study based on semi-structured individual interviews was conducted with registered nurses, general physicians, and managers involved in the care of older people in primary health care between September 2020 and January 2021. Recruitment was purposive and the framework method was used to inductively analyze the data. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative research (COREQ) served to structure our manuscript.
RESULTS: In total, 29 registered nurses, 6 general physicians, and 10 managers from 8 health centers were interviewed. The relevant themes interpreted from the interview data were as follows: (1) the current roles of registered nurses in the care of older people; (2) the factors affect the advanced geriatric nursing role development; (3) expectations of the advanced geriatric nursing roles.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for appropriate educational programs, well-established laws, and regulations to support the sustainable development of advanced geriatric nursing roles. To build the expected role model, the nursing education program in the future should integrate gerontological nursing, public health nursing, and nursing management to maximize the role of gerontological nurse practitioners in primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the way in which nurse academics understand and (re)construct their academic identity.
METHODS: An exploratory qualitative approach was adopted.
METHODS: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 nurse academics who were employed in positions requiring both research and teaching in two New Zealand university nursing schools. Participants\' demographic information and critical career incidents were also collected. Interview data were analysed thematically.
RESULTS: Nurse academics understand their academic identity as research-related, relational and dynamic. Although their academic identity can be in conflict with their clinical one, the former is (re)constructed as an extension of the latter. To navigate each university\'s multiple expectations of academics, nurse academics in this study strive to maintain their engagement with teaching, research and clinical practice, although in some cases, clinical practice is reconceptualised in relation to teaching and researching rather than direct contact with patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Academic identity development is fluid and interdependent on that of clinical identity in this young and vocationally-based discipline. There is an interrelated, dual process of identity (re)construction - while (re)constructing academic identity, nurse academics also reshape and redefine their clinical identity. The trajectory of their identity development challenges institutions to consider the needs of nurse academics (and others in similar disciplines) by recognising and supporting the maintenance of a form of clinical currency in order to strengthen the discipline within the academy.

OBJECTIVE: To explore factors of health behaviour maintenance from the perspective of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients.
BACKGROUND: The majority of CHD patients do not achieve appropriate theory-based intervention to maintain health behaviours. Previous health behaviour change theories give little importance to behaviour maintenance.
METHODS: A qualitative descriptive study.
METHODS: Thirty CHD patients were recruited purposively and interviewed from four hospitals in Beijing, China, during January 2017-August 2019. Data were analysed using template analysis methods. The COREQ checklist was used.
RESULTS: Perceived enjoyment and perceived effectiveness from the newly adopted behaviours emerged as vital factors for maintaining health behaviour; contemplation-action-maintenance (CAM) model to explain the behaviour change and maintenance of CHD patients was constructed.
CONCLUSIONS: The CAM model provides insight into the factors of health behaviour action and maintenance among CHD patients. Professionals can develop interventions from the perspective of patients\' experiences to promote maintenance of behaviour.
CONCLUSIONS: Professionals need to consider that the goal of behavioural intervention should initially and continuously target patients\' perseverance. Interventions of health behaviour that bring enjoyment may aid long-term maintenance. Also, healthcare providers can enhance patients\' perception of effectiveness to motivate their behaviour maintenance in lifestyle change programmes.

For ensuring the safety and reliability of high-speed trains, fault diagnosis (FD) technique plays an important role. Benefiting from the rapid developments of artificial intelligence, intelligent FD (IFD) strategies have obtained much attention in the field of academics and applications, where the qualitative approach is an important branch. Therefore, this survey will present a comprehensive review of these qualitative approaches from both theoretical and practical aspects. The primary task of this paper is to review the current development of these qualitative IFD techniques and then to present some of the latest results. Another major focus of our research is to introduce the background of high-speed trains, like the composition of the core subsystems, system structure, etc., based on which it becomes convenient for researchers to extract the diagnostic knowledge of high-speed trains, where the purpose is to understand how to use these types of knowledge. By reasonable utilization of the knowledge, it is hopeful to address various challenges caused by the coupling among subsystems of high-speed trains. Furthermore, future research trends for qualitative IFD approaches are also presented.

Introduction: Exercise is recommended for patients undergoing hemodialysis to decrease morbidity and mortality. However, their exercise level is lower than healthy people. Understanding reasons behind their sedentary lifestyle is required. Traditional Chinese culture may have a profound impact on patients\' perceptions of exercise, particularly with regard to the relationship of overwork and kidney function and family members\' attitudes toward patients\' participation in exercise. Therefore, we sought to explore the facilitators and barriers to exercise influenced by traditional Chinese culture. Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with 44 Chinese patients residing in Nantong of Jiangsu Province undergoing hemodialysis, aged 25 to 77 years. Interview questions focused on their perceptions of, attitudes to, and experiences with exercise. Each interview was digitally recorded and lasted from 40 to 60 minutes. Conventional content analysis was used to understand facilitators and barriers to exercise within their experience and perceptions. Findings: We found that specific Chinese cultural health beliefs informed by traditional Chinese medicine strongly affected patients\' attitudes and behaviors toward exercise. Participants in this study tended to believe that overwork impairs kidney functions and viewed strenuous exercise as overwork. Although participants admitted the benefits of exercise, they rejected strenuous exercise and regarded nearly all modalities of exercise with or without facilities (except walking) as strenuous exercise. The most common barriers to exercise were lack of motivation, bad weather, negative attitudes of family members toward patients\' doing exercise, and insufficient exercise information resources. The most common facilitators found in this study were their increased physical well-being and confidence from exercise. Group exercise supported by family members and positive attitudes toward obtaining exercise information were also motivators. Discussion: Chinese patients undergoing hemodialysis reported more barriers than facilitators to exercise. Perceptions and attitudes toward exercise informed by traditional Chinese culture may be hidden barriers to exercising. Our findings indicated that culturally sensitive and patient-centered exercise interventions for Chinese patients are urgently needed.

OBJECTIVE: To explore people with cancer, doctors\', and nurses\' understanding of and attitudes toward, patient participation in symptom management.
BACKGROUND: In health service policies worldwide, patients are recognized as the important members of the treatment care team. The concept of patient participation can be understood from a variety of perspectives, reflecting the limited conceptual clarity and poor congruence between patients\' and clinicians\' understanding.
METHODS: A qualitative study conducted using individual interviews.
METHODS: Forty one people with cancer, five doctors, and seven nurses were recruited from two oncological medical units of a cancer specialized hospital in Shanghai, China between November 2013 - March 2014. Individual interviews were semi-structured. Data were analysed through framework analysis.
RESULTS: Patient participation was perceived as a mutual interaction requiring contribution from both patients and clinicians. Three main themes were uncovered: (a) information exchange is the key to patient participation; (b) negotiated decision-making can be achieved in various ways; and (c) patients\' self-management can be a form of patient participation. Patient participation was recognized by both patients and clinicians as an important component of cancer care, however concerns relating to patients\' limited knowledge and their ability to negotiate treatment decisions existed among most of the patients, doctors, and nurses.
CONCLUSIONS: This study identified the wide range of activities where patient participation can occur in the context of cancer care. Positive recognition of patients\' roles in treatment and care should be advocated among both patients and clinicians to facilitate patients\' participation in their own care and enhance clinicians\' skills in involving patients.

In the past 30 years, the prevalence of diabetes in China has increased from 0.67% to 11.6%. Self-management behaviors (SMBs) are significant to improve health outcomes for diabetics. However, little is known about self-management experiences of Chinese diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to explore family factors affecting SMBs.
A qualitative descriptive study was used. Purposive samples were recruited from Chinese communities. Semistructured interviews were conducted, and audio-recordings transcripts were analyzed using content analysis methods.
Twenty participants were interviewed, including 8 with well-controlled HbA1c while 12 were poorly controlled. Facilitators that promote patients\' SMBs were responsibility toward children and commitment to spouse; barriers that hinder patients\' SMBs were family experiences about starvation, seeking harmony-eating in a big family, living in an \"empty nest,\" and family financial burden.
This study provides insight into SMBs of Chinese diabetic patients. Professionals can develop tailored interventions in a Chinese cultural context according to patients\' perceptions of family responsibility, early experience, activities, and resources.