信号通路负责在细胞之间传递信息和调节细胞生长,分化,和死亡。细胞中的蛋白质通过特定的结构域相互作用形成复合物,在各种生物学功能和细胞信号通路中起着至关重要的作用。细胞信号传导途径中的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPIs)对于信号传递和调节至关重要。PPIs在信号通路中的时空特征对于理解信号转导的调控机制至关重要。双分子荧光互补(BiFC)是一种直接可视化活细胞中PPI的成像工具,已被广泛用于发现各种生物体中的新型PPI。BiFC在生物学研究的各个领域显示出巨大的应用潜力,药物开发,疾病诊断和治疗,以及其他相关领域。本文系统地总结和分析了BiFC的技术进展及其在阐明已建立的细胞信号通路中的PPI,包括TOR,PI3K/Akt,Wnt/β-catenin,NF-κB,和MAPK。此外,它探索了该技术在揭示植物激素乙烯信号通路中的PPI,生长素,赤霉素,和脱落酸。使用BiFC与CRISPR-Cas9,活细胞成像,和超高分辨率显微镜将增强我们对PPI在细胞信号传导途径的理解。
Signaling pathways are responsible for transmitting information between cells and regulating cell growth, differentiation, and death. Proteins in cells form complexes by interacting with each other through specific structural domains, playing a crucial role in various biological functions and cell signaling pathways. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) within cell signaling pathways are essential for signal transmission and regulation. The spatiotemporal features of PPIs in signaling pathways are crucial for comprehending the regulatory mechanisms of signal transduction. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) is one kind of imaging tool for the direct visualization of PPIs in living cells and has been widely utilized to uncover novel PPIs in various organisms. BiFC demonstrates significant potential for application in various areas of biological research, drug development, disease diagnosis and treatment, and other related fields. This review systematically summarizes and analyzes the technical advancement of BiFC and its utilization in elucidating PPIs within established cell signaling pathways, including TOR, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, and MAPK. Additionally, it explores the application of this technology in revealing PPIs within the plant hormone signaling pathways of ethylene, auxin, Gibberellin, and abscisic acid. Using BiFC in conjunction with CRISPR-Cas9, live-cell imaging, and ultra-high-resolution microscopy will enhance our comprehension of PPIs in cell signaling pathways.